Background: This study aimed to record the use, and knowledge that residents from São Francisco community (Paraiba, Brazil) have regarding the Cactaceae. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were carried out with 118 informants; 50 men and 68 women. The cacti cited in this study were organised into use categories and use values were calculated. Differences in the values applied to species and use categories by men and women were compared via a G test (Williams). Results: The nine species identified were: Cereus jamacaru DC., Melocactus bahiensis (Brtitton & Rose) Luetzelb., Nopalea cochenillifera (L.) Salm-Dyck., Opuntia ficus indica (L.) Mill, Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw., Pilosocereus gounellei (F.A.C. Weber) Byles & Rowley, Pilosocereus pachycladus F. Ritter, Tacinga inamoena (K. Schum) N.P. Taylor & Stuppy, Tacinga palmadora (Britton & Rose) N.P. Taylor & Stuppy. In total, 1,129 use citations were recorded, divided into 11 categories. The use value categories with the highest scores were forage (0.42), food (0.30) and construction (building) (0.25). P. pachycladus showed the greatest use value, versatility and number of plant parts used. Conclusion: The survey showed that the Cactaceae is extremely important for several uses and categories attributed to different species. Apart from contributing to the ethnobotanical knowledge of the Cactaceae, another important focus of this study was to reinforce the necessity for further studies that record the traditional knowledge about this plant family, which has been lost in younger generations.
20 July 2018 in Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine
This study aimed to investigate the local botanical knowledge of native food plants in three rural communities, located in the semiarid region of Paraíba State, Brazil, verifying possibilities of differences of knowledge among communities and between men and women. Semi-structured interviews about native plant knowledge and use were conducted with all householders in each community, totaling 117 informants. The species similarity among the communities of Pau D’Arco, Várzea Alegre, and Barroquinha was compared with Jaccard index, and the use value index (UVgeneral, UVcurrent, UVpotential) was used to determine the most important species. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare the use values among communities and genders. The consensus factor among the informants was calculated according to the uses cited, and the Wilcoxon test was used to compare the use values between men and women. We recorded 9 species belonging to 8 genera and 8 families in Várzea Alegre; 10 species, 9 genera, and 9 families in Barroquinha; and 7 species, 7 genera and 7 families in Pau D’Arco. Spondias tuberosa Arruda (Anacardiaceae) in Várzea Alegre, Spondias sp. (Anacardiaceae) in Barroquinha, and Ximenia americana L. (Olacaceae) in Pau D’Arco were the most prominent species. Preparation methods are slightly different in the three communities, and there is low similarity about species use among the communities. Regarding gender, the analysis of use value among the communities evidenced significant differences only for UVgeneral among women, specifically between Barroquinha and Pau D’Arco. For men and women within each community, there is a difference only for UVpotential in Barroquinha. This study showed that the residents of the three rural communities have limited knowledge of native food plants found in their communities, but they know where to find them, which parts they may use and how to consume them. The fact is that men know plants that are more distant from the residences and women know those that are next to them.
17 July 2018 in Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry
Dentre as principais plantas inseridas no semiárido brasileiro, encontra-se a aroeira (Myracrodruon urundeuva Allemão) pertencente à família Anacardiaceae, apresentando importância ecológica e econômica. A fim de entender e verificar tal importância, realizamos um estudo etnobotânico em seis comunidades do semiárido paraibano, utilizando formulários semiestruturados aplicados a populações locais. Registraram-se 1.587 citações de uso (856 citações atuais e 731 potenciais), sendo 985 de usos madeireiros e 602 não madeireiros para M. urundeuva. Destacaram-se as categorias construção e combustível. Mediante os resultados do presente estudo, sugere-se que sejam realizadas pesquisas e monitoramento das populações dessa espécie nas áreas rurais, e com atividades voltadas para o manejo sustentável.
A região Nordeste é um berço natural de frutas tropicais e exóticas. A umbu-cajazeira, na região nordestina apresenta potencialidades de cultivo e perspectivas de comercialização, o que objetivou este trabalho avaliar a qualidade física, química e físico-química da polpa in natura de seus frutos em dois estádios de maturação. Com a polpa pode produzir diversos produtos como, sucos com alto teor de polpa, suco em pó, sorvetes, doces, geleia, compotas, bebidas mistas. O processamento desses frutos tem sido uma alternativa viável para favorecer a diminuição de perdas por ser um produto perecível e agregar valor aos subprodutos, além da geração de renda aos pequenos produtores rurais. Os resultados obtidos permitiram concluir que os frutos semimaduros apresentaram maior acidez total, pH baixo e menor teor de sólidos solúveis e açúcares redutores, no entanto esses frutos apresentaram em sua constituição química maiores resultados para flavonoides, vitamina C e taninos condensados, demostrando que a colheita deve ser realizada neste estádio de maturação, favorecendo o processo de comercialização garantido qualidade nutritiva. Estes resultados demonstram a capacidade antioxidante dos frutos de umbu-cajá.