We present an algorithm to calculate the linear response of periodic systems in the time-dependent density functional theory, using a real-space representation of the electron wave functions and calculating the dynamics in real time. The real-space formulation increases the efficiency for calculating the interaction, and the real-time treatment decreases storage requirements and allows the entire frequency-dependent dielectric function to be calculated at once. We give as examples the dielectric functions of a simple metal, lithium, and an elemental insulator, diamond.

Multinucleon transfer processes in heavy-ion reactions at energies slightly above the Coulomb barrier are investigated in a fully microscopic framework of the time-dependent Hartree-Fock (TDHF) theory. Transfer probabilities are calculated from the TDHF wave function after collision using the projection operator method which has recently been proposed by Simenel [Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 192701 (2010)]. We show results of the TDHF calculations for transfer cross sections of the reactions of ${}^{40,\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}48}\mathrm{Ca}+{}^{124}\mathrm{Sn}$ at ${E}_{\mathrm{lab}}=170$, 174 MeV, ${}^{40}\mathrm{Ca}+{}^{208}\mathrm{Pb}$ at ${E}_{\mathrm{lab}}=235$, 249 MeV, and ${}^{58}\mathrm{Ni}+{}^{208}\mathrm{Pb}$ at ${E}_{\mathrm{lab}}=328.4$ MeV, for which measurements are available. We find the transfer processes show different behaviors depending on the $N/Z$ ratios of the projectile and the target and the product of the charge numbers, ${Z}_{\mathrm{P}}{Z}_{\mathrm{T}}$. When the projectile and the target have different $N/Z$ ratios, fast transfer processes of a few nucleons towards the charge equilibrium of the initial system occur in reactions at large impact parameters. As the impact parameter decreases, a neck formation is responsible for the transfer. A number of nucleons are transferred by the neck breaking when two nuclei dissociate, leading to transfers of protons and neutrons in the same direction. Comparing cross sections by theory and measurements, we find the TDHF theory describes the transfer cross sections of a few nucleons reasonably. As the number of transferred nucleons increases, the agreement becomes less accurate. The TDHF calculation overestimates transfer cross sections accompanying a large number of neutrons when more than one proton are transferred. Comparing our results with those by other theories, we find the TDHF calculations give qualitatively similar results to those of direct reaction models such as grazing and Complex WKB.

Background: Multinucleon transfer (MNT) and quasifission (QF) processes are dominant processes in low-energy collisions of two heavy nuclei. They are expected to be useful to produce neutron-rich unstable nuclei. Nuclear dynamics leading to these processes depends sensitively on nuclear properties such as deformation and shell structure.

We have theoretically demonstrated that circularly polarized laser pulses induce electric currents and magnetic moments in ring-shaped molecules ${\mathrm{Na}}_{10}$ and benzene. The time-dependent adiabatic local density approximation is employed for this purpose, solving the time-dependent Kohn-Sham equation in real space and real time. It has been found that the electric currents are induced efficiently and persist continuously even after the laser pulses were switched off provided the frequency of the applied laser pulse is in tune with the excitation energy of the electronic excited state with the dipole strength for each molecular system. The electric currents are definitely revealed to be a second-order nonlinear optical response to the magnitude of the electric field. The magnetic dipole moments inevitably accompany the ring currents, so that the molecules are magnetized. The production of the electric currents and the magnetic moments in the present procedure is found to be much more efficient than that utilizing static magnetic fields.