Periodontal disease is caused by oral pathogenic bacteria and is associated with systemic disease and frailty. Therefore, its prevention is crucial in extending healthy life expectancy. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of orally administered oleanolic acid, extracted from wine pomace, on periodontopathic bacterial growth in healthy individuals. In this randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel-group comparison study, 84 healthy adults were assigned to a placebo (n = 29), low-dose (n = 29, 9 mg oleanolic acid), or high-dose (n = 26, 27 mg oleanolic acid) groups. The number of oral bacteria in their saliva, collected before and 5 h after administration, was determined using the polymerase chain reaction-invader technique. The proportion of periodontopathic bacteria among the total oral bacteria in the saliva was calculated. Oleanolic acid significantly decreased the proportion of Porphyromonas gingivalis among the total oral bacteria in a dose-dependent manner (p = 0.005 (low-dose) and p = 0.003 (high-dose) vs. placebo, Williams’ test). Moreover, high-dose oleanolic acid decreased the proportion of Tannerella forsythia (p = 0.064 vs. placebo, Williams’ test). Periodontopathic bacteria are closely associated with the development and progression of periodontal disease; thus, the continuous daily intake of oleanolic acid derived from pomace may be helpful in maintaining a healthy oral microbiome by controlling the proportion of periodontopathic bacteria.

This study comprised two trials that evaluated the safety and anti-stress effects of rosemary extracts containing rosmarinic acid and diterpenes. Study I was a 4-week, single-arm, open-label safety trial involving 22 healthy adults who consumed high doses of the rosemary extract daily. No clinically relevant adverse events or abnormal laboratory findings were observed, thus confirming its safety. Study II was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial with 40 participants that assessed psychological and physiological stress markers. After four weeks of rosemary extract intake, significant improvements were found in trait anxiety scores measured using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and heart rate variability, as indicated by a decreased low-frequency/high-frequency ratio. Additionally, a single dose administered before the mental workload test signifi­cantly reduced state anxiety scores. No significant differences were observed in salivary cortisol levels or visual analog scale scores between the groups. These results suggest that rosemary extract is safe for consumption and may effectively reduce chronic and acute stress in healthy individuals. These findings support the use of rosemary extract as a natural dietary supplement for stress management.