This paper presents a strategy for a thermal-structural test with quartz lamp heaters (TSTQLH), combined with an ultra-local model, a closed-loop controller, a linear extended state observer (LESO), and an auxiliary controller. The TSTQLH is a real time ground simulation of aerodynamic heating for hypersonic vehicles to optimize their thermal protection systems (TPS). However, lack of a system dynamic model for the TSTQLH results in inaccurate tracking of aerodynamic heating. In addition, during the control process, the TSTQLH has internal uncertainties of resistance and external disturbances. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a mathematical model between controllable $\alpha \left(t\right)$ and measurable $T_1\left(t\right)$. An ultra-local model of model-free control plays a crucial role in simplifying system complexity and reducing high-order terms due to high nonlinearities and strong couplings in the system dynamic model, and a global nonsingular fast terminal sliding mode control (GNFTSMC) is added to an ultra-local model, which is used to guarantee great tracking performance in the sliding phase and fast convergence to the equilibrium state in finite time. Moreover, the LESO is used mainly to estimate all disturbances in real time, and an adaptive neural network (ANN) shows a good approximation property in compensation for estimation errors by using a cubic B-spline function. The fitted curve of the wall temperature in the time sequence represents a reference temperature trajectory from the surface contour of an X-43A’s wing. The comparative results validate that the proposed control strategy possesses strong robustness to track the reference temperature trajectory.

The vision system provides an important way for construction robots to obtain the type and spatial location information of the object. The characteristics of the construction environment, construction object, and robot structure are jointly examined in this paper to propose an approach of object segmentation by spraying the robot based on multi-layer perceptron. Firstly, the hand-eye system experimental platform is built through establishing the mathematical model of the system and calibrating the parameters of the model. Secondly, effort is made to carry out research on image preprocessing algorithms and related experiments, and compare the effects of different binocular stereo-matching algorithms in the actual engineering environment. Finally, research and an experiment are conducted to identify the applicability and effect of the depth image object segmentation algorithm based on multi-layer perceptron. The experimental results prove that the application of multi-layer perceptron to object segmentation by spraying robots can meet the requirement on solution accuracy and is suitable for the object segmentation of complex projects in real life. This approach not only overcomes the shortcomings of the existing recognition methods that are poor in accuracy and difficult to be used widely, but also provides basic data for the subsequent three-dimensional reconstruction, thus making a significant contribution to the research of image processing by spraying robots.

It is of great significance to introduce the conception of a sharing economy into the electricity industry, which can promote the dispatch of multiple integrated energy systems. On the one hand, it is difficult to reveal the behaviors of complex players with multi-energy coupling through the traditional centralized optimization method of single electric energy. On the other hand, the uncertain fluctuations of renewable energy, such as wind power and photovoltaic, have posed great challenges to market transactions. First, the relationship and the functions of all stakeholders in the system are described in this paper, followed by the establishment of flexible resource models such as demand response and energy storage devices. On this basis, a low-carbon dispatching framework of multiple regional gas–electric integrated energy systems is then constructed under the guidance of cooperative game theory. The contribution indexes are established to measure the degree of energy sharing among the subsystems, and the method of asymmetric Nash bargaining is used to settle the interests of each subsystem. Second, a robust optimization model of multiple regional systems is established in response to multiple uncertainties from renewable energy and load. Finally, the numerical example proves that the proposed mechanism can increase the benefits of each integrated energy system player. Moreover, it helps the system to yield optimal benefits in the face of uncertainties and provides a reference on how to realize energy sharing under uncertainties from source load.