Public participation in architectural heritage protection is a crucial part of promoting the development of heritage conservation. However, even in the same country, different regions protect heritage at different levels. This study, taking national wooden arch corridor bridges as the research object, analyzes the public participation level in wooden arch corridor bridge protection in the last 5 years, studying the factors that influence public participation and the change in rules of public participation caused by geography, providing a theoretical reference for the sustainable development of the protection of wooden arch corridor bridges. The results indicate (1) public participation in the protection of wooden arch corridor bridges has been increasing annually under government guidance; (2) there is a positive correlation between the concentration of wooden arch corridor bridges and the level of public participation; (3) the better the planning is regarding wooden arch corridor bridges and their surrounding areas, the higher the level of public participation, while the lower the level of residents’ participation and willing; (4) the higher the development and better the transportation in the areas where wooden arch corridor bridges are located, the higher the level of public participation; and (5) increasing the popularity of wooden arch corridor bridges, as well as the areas they are located in, can enhance public participation. These conclusions and research methods also provide methodological guidance and theoretical support for other public participation in the study of architectural heritage.

The Sapotaceae family comprises 65–70 genera and over 1250 species, holding significant ecological and economic value. Although previous studies have made some progress in the phylogenetic relationships and classification of Sapotaceae, many issues remain unresolved and require further in-depth research. In this study, we sequenced and assembled the complete chloroplast genomes of 21 plants from 11 genera of Sapotaceae, conducted a comparative genomic analysis, and performed a phylogenetic analysis by incorporating 16 previously published chloroplast genomes of Sapotaceae. The results showed that the chloroplast genome sizes in 21 plants of Sapotaceae range between 157,920 bp and 160,130 bp, exhibiting the typical quadripartite structure. Each genome contains 84–85 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes, while the ndhF gene is absent in Pouteria campechiana and Pouteria sapota. The relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU) analysis showed that isoleucine (Ile) is the most commonly used, while the codon for methionine (Met) is the least utilized. Additionally, five highly variable regions (petA-psbJ, psbI-trnS-GGA, rpl2_2-psbA, rps19-rpl2_2, and ycf4-cemA) and two coding sequences, ycf1 and matK, were identified as candidate molecular markers for species differentiation and a phylogenetic analysis within the Sapotaceae family. Phylogenetic trees were reconstructed using complete chloroplast genome sequences and analyzed using ML and BI methods, which revealed that the Sapotaceae family is divided into three distinct clades, each receiving strong statistical support (BS = 100, PP = 1). The intergeneric analysis revealed that Madhuca and Palaquium are sister groups (BS = 91, PP = 1), as are Gambeya and Chrysophyllum (BS = 91, PP = 1). Pouteria and Chrysophyllum are among the larger groups in the Sapotaceae family but the traditional classification boundaries of these genera are unstable and unfeasible, as the current genus boundaries fail to support their natural evolutionary relationships. In the phylogenetic tree, Eberhardtia aurata is placed on a separate branch. The morphological classification system shows that E. aurata has rust-colored pubescence on its branches, abaxial leaf surfaces, petioles, and other areas, which clearly distinguishes it from other genera. This study provides valuable insights into advancing phylogenetic research, population genetics, molecular breeding, and conservation strategies by comparing chloroplast genome structures and characteristics and constructing phylogenetic trees.

Melastoma dodecandrum is primarily propagated through stem cuttings, which limits genetic variation and constrains breeding efforts. To overcome this limitation and facilitate molecular breeding, the establishment of a reliable and efficient regeneration system is essential. This study investigated the effects of plant growth regulators (PGRs) and culture media on the in vitro regeneration system of M. dodecandrum. The highest rate of callus induction (96.67%) was achieved when sterile leaf explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium supplemented with 2.00 mg·L⁻¹ 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 0.50 mg·L⁻¹ 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA). For callus differentiation, the optimal formulation of MS + 2.0 mg·L⁻¹ 6-BA + 0.5 mg·L⁻¹ naphthylacetic acid (NAA) resulted in a differentiation frequency of 83.33%. The optimal PGR combinations for shoot proliferation were 1.5 mg·L⁻¹ 6-BA + 0.1 mg·L⁻¹ NAA and 0.5 mg·L⁻¹ 6-BA + 0.2 mg·L⁻¹ NAA. The optimal rooting media were MS medium supplemented with 0.1, 0.2, or 0.5 mg·L⁻¹ indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) or 1/2MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg·L⁻¹ IBA. Additionally, this study investigated the dynamic changes in endogenous hormones during the regeneration process. The levels and ratios of hormones, including gibberellin (GA₃), abscisic acid (ABA), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and zeatin (ZT), collectively regulated the regeneration process. Elevated levels of ABA and GA₃ may promote callus initiation as well as the growth and development of adventitious roots during the early induction stage. Reduced levels of ABA and IAA favored callus differentiation into shoots, whereas elevated GA₃ levels facilitated proliferation of adventitious shoots. Throughout the regeneration process, fluctuations in ZT levels remained relatively stable. This study successfully established an in vitro regeneration system for M. dodecandrum using leaf explants, providing theoretical guidance and technical support for further molecular breeding efforts, genetic transformation, and industrial development.

As a highly valued orchid species, Cymbidium ensifolium (C. ensifolium) exhibits a natural flowering period mainly from July to September, which does not align with the market demand and shows low flowering quality, thereby significantly constraining the development of the C. ensifolium floriculture industry. To address this key issue, the study used C. ensifolium ‘Longyan Su’ as the experimental material, with white light as the control and composite light with varying ratios of red and blue light as the treatments, and investigated the influence of light quality on flowering. The results showed that blue light could significantly advance the flowering time, while red light could markedly improve the flower quality. Blue light promoted the accumulation of soluble protein and soluble sugar during flower bud differentiation, while red light enhanced their accumulation during floral organ development. During the flower bud differentiation and development stage, blue light increased the synthesis of abscisic acid (ABA) in leaves, and red light promoted the production of gibberellic acid (GA₃) and zeatin riboside (ZR). The study provides an important foundation and reference for further analysis of the flowering mechanism of C. ensifolium under different light quality treatments, and also provides technical support for flowering regulation of orchids in practical production.

Numerous members of the WOX gene family play pivotal roles during the processes of growth and development in many plants, as has been demonstrated. Cymbidium goeringii, Cymbidium ensifolium, and Cymbidium sinense are ornamental plants with a fascinating floral morphology that are economically important in China. However, there is limited knowledge about the members of the WOX gene family and their functions in these three Cymbidium species. Hence, the WOX genes in three Cymbidium species were identified on the ground of the genomes data of C. goeringii, C. ensifolium, and C. sinense in this study. These identified WOX genes were further studied for their physicochemical properties, evolutionary relationship, gene structure, protein structure, and cis-acting elements of promoters, as well as the expression pattern of the WOX genes in different tissues of C. goeringii. The findings revealed that eight WOX genes in C. goeringii, twelve WOX genes in C. ensifolium, and nine WOX genes were identified. These WOX genes were further subdivided into WUS, ancient, and intermediate clades. The length of the coding region ranged from 149 to 335 aa, and it was predicted that all WOX genes would be located on the cell nucleus. The promoter cis-acting elements primarily comprised stress response, phytohormone response, plant growth and development, and transcription factor elements. Furthermore, both the transcriptomic data and RT-qPCR analysis showed that most WOX genes may be involved in multiple developmental stages of C. goeringii. To sum up, these results may serve as a theoretical foundation for further study of the function analysis of WOX genes in orchids.

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