The paper presents the procedure and results of monitoring conducted by using a 3D measurement model, taking advantage of integrated surveying technologies developed for a building located within an activated landslide area. Geodynamic interactions within the building have resulted in a spatial deformation condition, leading to significant cracks of structure components and local basement floor upheavals. Conducted site research shows a reactivation of an old landslide form. To provide safe use conditions for the building, it was decided to monitor the structure and the area in its vicinity. Meeting this demand required developing an in-house monitoring system for the landslide form and the very structure. Measurements provided detailed information on the sizes and directions for the displacements of ground surface points and building structure points, as well as the dynamic properties of this phenomenon. Obtained results show the opportunity to use monitoring systems to acquire credible measurements data reflecting the real impact of ground landslide deformations on structures.

The article presents examples of the employment of various geodetic measuring tools used for a detailed inventory of lake basins and shorelines. The measurement and analysis covered three post-mining open pit excavations recultivated as water reservoirs: two in Krakow (Bagry Wielkie and Bagry Małe) and one in Piaseczno (Piaseczno Sulphur Mine). Attention was paid to the factors that reduce the accuracy of the inventory of some flooded post-mining excavations, which determine the degree of usefulness of the morphometric data set for later analyses. According to available estimates, only about one-third of all water reservoirs in Poland have detailed geodetic documentation in the form of bathymetric maps. This documentation usually does not include water reservoirs of anthropogenic origin formed after the flooding of post-mining excavations (mines: sand, gravel, clay, limestone, sulphur, aggregates, etc.). The authors suggest the introduction of a document known as a reservoir documentation card and the creation of a database covering all anthropogenic water reservoirs. Considering the water deficit in Poland, it may be necessary to develop a detailed database of water resources in the short term.

Two post-mining excavations (relics of sulphur mining), nowadays filled with water are characteristic elements of the landscape in the Tarnobrzeg Region. They became historic and permanent trace of open-cast mining in Piaseczno (left bank of the Vistula River) in 1958–1971 and Machów (right bank of the Vistula River) in 1970–1992. The process of the reclamation of the excavation in Machów ended successfully and the water body became a popular place of leisure and recreation for the residents of the town and the vicinity. Unfortunately, in case of the excavation in Piaseczno, despite many years of liquidation and reclamation works, regaining utility values and ecological values in these areas has not been accomplished yet. There is still real risk of mass land movements of watered ground in the area above the water table, which limits the possibility of adapting the water body for any other purposes than retention and ecological reclamation. Despite short 13-years’ history of mining sulphur and nearly 10 years of mining the Baranów sands, the Sulphur Mine “Piaseczno” has interesting history, due to the mining activities (stages: exploitation, liquidation and reclamation) and the forces of nature, which make a serious problem in the process of completing the works to bring back the utilitarian values of the areas of already non-existing mining area. Based on the analysis and post-processing of the available archival cartographic materials while using information tool (Surfer, AutoCAD), it was possible to make detail parameters of the water body Piaseczno and prove the impact of reclamation works and natural phenomena (mass movements) on the shape of the lake bowl and water scarps of the excavation.

The authors discuss a case that is full of examples of the problems faced by civil engineers whose task is to develop areas in the face of natural, technological, or post-mining hazards. The study area is in the central part of Inowrocław, a town located on a massive salt dome of Zechstein salts. A strong deformation zone expanded in its upper part; this was caused by a natural process (related to so-called salt karst) and by mining activities that occurred in the past, creating a problem with regard to any potential spatial development in the town. The authors show a combination of data obtained using gravimetric and geodetic methods, which helps us to assess the geohazard risk. These include remote sensing data, which can be used to evaluate displacements of the ground surface. The authors used an approach that they term the Elevation Difference Method. This consists of determining displacements between ground surfaces: estimated on the basis of remote sensing data and on the basis of the historical data, when mounted measurement points (and remote sensing data) did not exist. The authors discuss the results in the light of the geological background. Within the area of the study, the displacements of the positive values dominate. The displacement occurs at 6 mm/yr on average and indicates diapiric uplift movement. The results are important for the town authorities for planning and development and for infrastructure management.

Among many inland water bodies, a large group includes water bodies formed as an effect of mining activities. Open-cast mining of common minerals, i.e., sand, gravel, loam, basic minerals such as lignite, sulphur and fossil resins of coniferous trees (amber) leaves many excavations, which spontaneously get filled with precipitation waters, black waters (the ones near the surface) and ground waters (deeper underground), often making new and wonderful elements of local landscape. Till the time of political transformations in Poland, due to low awareness of proper reclamation of post-mining areas, few post-mining excavations that spontaneously filled with water were subdued to comprehensive inventory, surveying and geological documentation, which is a necessary condition for their safe use. Examples of such objects are Bagry and Staw Płaszowski in Kraków (mining of loam (clay), sand and gravel), which have undergone full surveying inventory, including bathymetric surveying, only several decades after the end of mining (Gawałkiewicz R., Maciaszek J., 1999; Gawałkiewicz R., 2017; Gawałkiewicz R., 2018a and Gawałkiewicz R., 2018b), despite being the property of the city of Cracow for many years and functioning as sports and recreational, natural (ecological) and economical (fishing facilities) spots. A worth mentioning body of water is the reservoir “Piaseczno” (the commune of Łoniów, the Sandomierz District), now classified as a part of a group of reservoirs with medium retention and has been created after the opencast exploitation of sulphur ended. Despite many years of reclamation measures (shallowing by washing glass sands to the reservoir) and due to the great risk of danger (local landslides, unstable ground in the costal zones, artificially maintained level of the water table) the Łoniów commune did not approve this reservoir to use; and nowadays, the reservoir is not suitable for any form of use. The only function that can be fulfilled is ecological function. In the article the results of the complex geodetic (littoral zone) and hydrographic (body of water) inventory are presented. It was possible owing to the use of the remote-controlled HyDrone produced by Seeflor Systems and equipped with a SonarMite BTX/SPX OHMEX ultrasonic sonar by Lymtech and a GNSS set by Trimble (R8s antenna + TSC3 controller) and biological inventory in the littoral zone. Detailed morphometric parameters of the reservoir were also noted based on the integrated geodetic and bathymetric measurements, which in the future may provide valuable data used in the process of adapting the analyzed area for various socio-economical purposes, while maintaining a high degree of safety of its use. ZLIKWIDOWANA KOPALNIA SIARKI „PIASECZNO” – cz. 2. ZASTOSOWANIE ZINTEGROWANYCH TECHNOLOGII POMIAROWYCH W INWENTARYZACJI AKWENU „PIASECZNO” – STAN 2020 r. Spośród licznej grupy śródlądowych zbiorników wodnych dużą grupę stanowią obecnie akweny będące wynikiem działalności górniczej. Eksploatacja odkrywkowa kopalin pospolitych, tj.: piasków, żwirów, gliny, kopalin podstawowych, takich jak węgiel brunatny, surowców chemicznych, jak siarka, oraz kopalnych żywic drzew iglastych (bursztynu) pozostawia po sobie liczną wyrobiska, które z czasem wypełniają się samoistnie wodami opadowymi, zaskórnymi (przypowierzchniowymi) oraz gruntowymi (podziemnymi), tworząc często nowe i niezwykłe elementy lokalnego krajobrazu. Do czasu przemian ustrojowych w Polsce znikoma świadomość właściwej rekultywacji terenów pogórniczych decydowała o tym, iż niewiele wyrobisk poeksploatacyjnych samoistnie wypełnionych wodą doczekało się kompleksowej inwentaryzacji i udokumentowania mierniczo- geologicznego, co jest niezbędnym warunkiem bezpiecznego niegórniczego ich użytkowania. Przykładem takich obiektów wodnych są krakowskie Bagry i Staw Płaszowski (eksploatacja: gliny, piasku, żwiru), które doczekały się pełnej inwentaryzacji geodezyjnej, w tym batymetrycznej, dopiero kilkadziesiąt lat po zakończeniu eksploatacji surowców (Gawałkiewicz R., Maciaszek J., 1999; Gawałkiewicz R., 2017; Gawałkiewicz R., 2018a oraz Gawałkiewicz R., 2018b), mimo iż od wielu lat stanowią własność miasta Krakowa, pełniąc funkcje rekreacyjno-sportowe, przyrodnicze (użytki ekologiczne) oraz gospodarcze (obiekty wędkarskie). Wartym uwagi akwenem wodnym kwalifikowanym obecnie do grupy zbiorników średniej retencji, powstałym po eksploatacji odkrywkowej złóż siarki, jest zbiornik Piaseczno (gm. Łoniów, pow. sandomierski). Pomimo wielu lat rekultywacji (zabezpieczeń zboczy i ich wielokrotnego przemodelowywania, wypłycania poprzez namywanie piasków szklarskich do zbiornika), z uwagi na szereg niebezpieczeństw (lokalnych osuwisk, niestabilnego podłoża w strefach nadbrzeżnych, sztucznie utrzymywanego poziomu zwierciadła wody) nie został przekazany w użytkowanie gminie Łoniów i dziś poza funkcją użytku ekologicznego nie nadaje się do jakiejkolwiek innej formy zagospodarowania. W artykule przedstawiono wyniki kompleksowej inwentaryzacji geodezyjnej (strefa przybrzeżna) i hydrograficznej (akwen) przy wykorzystaniu zdalnie sterowanego hydrodrona HyDrone firmy Seefloor Systems wyposażonego w sondę ultradźwiękową SonarMite BTX/SPX OHMEX firmy Lymtech oraz zestaw GNSS firmy Trimble (antena R8s + kontroler TSC3) oraz inwentaryzacji przyrodniczej w strefie litoralu. Określono także...

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