The digital economy, driven by information and communication technologies (ICT), has profoundly transformed in recent decades. The digitalization of society has given rise to an economic environment in which information, connectivity, and innovation play fundamental roles. In this context, a technology that has emerged as a fundamental pillar of the digital economy is the chain of blocks, commonly known as blockchain. Blockchain is a technology that has revolutionized the way online data and transactions are managed and shared. Through its ability to create secure, transparent, and decentralized ledgers, blockchain has paved the way for the digital economy, facilitating trust in digital transactions and enabling various applications ranging from cryptocurrencies to supply chain management and intellectual property. This study will delve into blockchain and its influence on the digital economy. It will explore how this technology has reshaped how companies interact, how consumers access services, and how new business models are developed in a constantly evolving digital environment. Additionally, the challenges and opportunities that blockchain presents in the context of the digital economy will be analyzed, and how it is helping to shape the future of business and society in general. As the exploration of blockchain and its impact on the digital economy progresses, it becomes evident how these two forces converge, generating a promising digital landscape full of significant opportunities and transformations. This phenomenon is consistently supported by a growing body of research and analysis, which underlines the growing influence of blockchain on the global economy. The dynamic interplay between these two spheres, blockchain and the digital economy, is constantly evolving and offers an exciting glimpse into the future regarding innovation and disruption across a wide range of sectors. As a result, significant opportunities are looming for those seeking to understand and capitalize on these emerging trends. Throughout this study, the current trends and most intriguing perspectives that shape this landscape will be broken down, offering a deeper insight into how blockchain and the digital economy are shaping an extraordinary digital future.

In recent years, Blockchain has become a disruptivetechnology to protect the integrity of information, especially inopen and collaborative information systems. Its main advantageis the possibility to reach consensus on the new data blocks tobe added to the chain, even with anonymous actors. The mostcommon consensus mechanism is Proof of Work, but it has beenproven to be very inefficient in terms of energy spent by themembers of the blockchain. In the literature there are many othertechniques that pretend to become the new popular mechanism.However, the number of this techniques is growing too fast toreally be able to differentiate among all the options. In this work,a new characterization of consensus algorithm is proposed, thatcan be used to find families of mechanism using cluster-basedclassification. Using the Ward Method and Spearmans RankCorrelation analysis, new clusters of consensus mechanisms wereidentified. The results describe the behavioral patterns not seenbefore in the literature. In addition, some open problems ofcurrent consensus algorithms are discussed.

The digital economy, driven by information and communication technologies (ICT), has profoundly transformed in recent decades. The digitalization of society has given rise to an economic environment in which information, connectivity, and innovation play fundamental roles. In this context, a technology that has emerged as a fundamental pillar of the digital economy is the chain of blocks, commonly known as blockchain. Blockchain is a technology that has revolutionized the way online data and transactions are managed and shared. Through its ability to create secure, transparent, and decentralized ledgers, blockchain has paved the way for the digital economy, facilitating trust in digital transactions and enabling various applications ranging from cryptocurrencies to supply chain management and intellectual property. This study will delve into blockchain and its influence on the digital economy. It will explore how this technology has reshaped how companies interact, how consumers access services, and how new business models are developed in a constantly evolving digital environment. Additionally, the challenges and opportunities that blockchain presents in the context of the digital economy will be analyzed, and how it is helping to shape the future of business and society in general. As the exploration of blockchain and its impact on the digital economy progresses, it becomes evident how these two forces converge, generating a promising digital landscape full of significant opportunities and transformations. This phenomenon is consistently supported by a growing body of research and analysis, which underlines the growing influence of blockchain on the global economy (Smith, 2020; Johnson, 2019). The dynamic interplay between these two spheres, blockchain and the digital economy, constantly evolves and offers an exciting glimpse into the future regarding innovation and disruption across various sectors (Jones, 2021; Brown, 2018). As a result, significant opportunities are looming for those seeking to understand and capitalize on these emerging trends (García, 2022). Throughout this study, the current trends and most intriguing perspectives that shape this landscape will be broken down, offering a deeper insight into how blockchain and the digital economy are shaping an extraordinary digital future

La Ingeniería Social hace referencia al conjunto de actividades que tienen como objetivo la manipulación de los seres humanos por medio de engaños con el único fin de obtener un acceso privado o información confidencial de las mismas personas, empresas o para nuestro caso, Instituciones de Educación Superior. Los practicantes de la Ingeniería Social se basan, en muchos casos, en el descuido, falta de conocimiento o incluso de la propia necesidad humana de comunicarnos, para captar datos e información que les permita realizar actividades fraudulentas en beneficio propio o incluso de una “comunidad”. La Instituciones de Educación Superior, no son ajenas a estos ataques, incluso dado su grado de vulnerabilidad son propensas sin saberlo a perder toda su información y por ende poner en riesgo su continuidad. Por ello, el objetivo central de este artículo es hacer un estudio sobre la Ingeniería Social y sus antecedentes, las vulnerabilidades que poseen las Instituciones de Educación Superior y que pueden ser objeto de ataque, y en ese sentido, que estrategias se pueden proponer en favor de la protección de la información, así como recomendaciones generales y significativas para combatir la desinformación en este tema.