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Aim Coastal wetlands provide crucial ecosystem functions and services, such as coastal protection, nutrient retention and C sequestration. Despite the important roles in global C, N and P cycling, the global variation in leaf stoichiometry across coastal wetlands remains unclear. Location Global. Time period 1980–2018. Major taxa studied Vascular plants. Methods By compiling a global dataset of 698 data records in 205 sites, we carried out systematic analyses of the world‐wide trends and their determinants of leaf element contents and ratios of plants across coastal wetlands. Results Leaf N and P contents increased significantly, but C:N, C:P and N:P ratios decreased with increasing latitude in coastal wetlands. The mean annual temperature was the predominant driver of leaf N, P and C:N, whereas soil N:P was a good predictor of leaf C:P and N:P ratios. Furthermore, N increased faster with P in plant leaves of coastal wetlands compared with terrestrial ecosystems. Within coastal wetlands, herb‐dominated salt marshes had a significantly higher leaf P content, lower leaf N:P ratio and lower scaling exponent of leaf N to P than tree‐dominated mangroves. Main conclusions The similar latitudinal patterns of leaf stoichiometry in coastal wetlands compared with terrestrial ecosystems reflected the similar influences of temperature. However, different slopes of leaf P and N:P ratios and N and P scaling relationships between these two ecosystems suggested that different salinity and tidal inundation levels result in different strategies of N and P use in coastal wetland plants. These differences in leaf stoichiometry between ecosystems and between different types of coastal wetlands might need to be emphasized in future biogeochemical modelling owing to their different roles in global nutrient and carbon cycling.
Yu‐Kun Hu; Xu‐Yan Liu; Nian‐Peng He; Xu Pan; Song‐Yuan Long; Wei Li; Man‐Yin Zhang; Li‐Juan Cui. Global patterns in leaf stoichiometry across coastal wetlands. Global Ecology and Biogeography 2021, 30, 852 -869.
AMA StyleYu‐Kun Hu, Xu‐Yan Liu, Nian‐Peng He, Xu Pan, Song‐Yuan Long, Wei Li, Man‐Yin Zhang, Li‐Juan Cui. Global patterns in leaf stoichiometry across coastal wetlands. Global Ecology and Biogeography. 2021; 30 (4):852-869.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYu‐Kun Hu; Xu‐Yan Liu; Nian‐Peng He; Xu Pan; Song‐Yuan Long; Wei Li; Man‐Yin Zhang; Li‐Juan Cui. 2021. "Global patterns in leaf stoichiometry across coastal wetlands." Global Ecology and Biogeography 30, no. 4: 852-869.
In the past 50 years, the decrease of river runoff in China has attracted wide attention from government decision-making departments and the public. The Baiyangdian catchment is one of the regions with the most serious water shortage and the most prominent human-water conflicts, and attribution analysis of the runoff change is of considerable interest at a range of spatial scales. The Budyko framework has been widely used to attribute changes in streamflow to the effects of climate and catchment changes. In this study, we used the elasticity method based on the Budyko framework to examine the sensitivity of streamflow to climate and catchment variables, which indicated that a 1-mm decrease in precipitation would induce a 0.3546-mm decrease in streamflow, a 1-mm decrease in potential evapotranspiration would induce a 0.1045-mm increase in streamflow, and an increase of 1 in the catchment characteristic coefficient would induce a 79.6711-mm decrease in streamflow. The absolute sensitivities of streamflow to climate variables decreased with increases in the aridity index, which indicates that the streamflow was more sensitive to climate change in wet regions. Among the total changes in streamflow (−43.41 mm), the effect of climate change was +3.86 mm (accounting for 7.55%), and the effect of the catchment characteristic changes is −45.99 mm (accounting for 89.95%) based on the sensitivity analyses. The results indicate that streamflow changes in the Baiyangdian catchment are mainly caused by catchment changes.
Henian Wang; Xizhi Lv; Manyin Zhang. Sensitivity and attribution analysis based on the Budyko hypothesis for streamflow change in the Baiyangdian catchment, China. Ecological Indicators 2020, 121, 107221 .
AMA StyleHenian Wang, Xizhi Lv, Manyin Zhang. Sensitivity and attribution analysis based on the Budyko hypothesis for streamflow change in the Baiyangdian catchment, China. Ecological Indicators. 2020; 121 ():107221.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHenian Wang; Xizhi Lv; Manyin Zhang. 2020. "Sensitivity and attribution analysis based on the Budyko hypothesis for streamflow change in the Baiyangdian catchment, China." Ecological Indicators 121, no. : 107221.
Due to its role in intercepting and evaporating water, vegetation has a great influence on the catchment hydrological process, and an increased quantitative understanding of how vegetation changes affect the terrestrial water cycle is of considerable interest for a range of spatial scales. In this study, we determine the effects of vegetation changes on evapotranspiration within the Budyko framework by adapting an analytical expression between vegetation and the Budyko parameter at a steady state. We then analyzed the attributions for evapotranspiration change in the Baiyangdian catchment and quantified the effects of vegetation change. The evapotranspiration changes during 1998–2017 in the Baiyangdian catchment were mainly caused by climate change, which accounted for 58.56%, and the contribution of the Budyko parameter (n) change to evapotranspiration was 40.04%. Among the impact factors, the effect of vegetation change on evapotranspiration was not the largest, with vegetation changes in the Baiyangdian catchment resulting in a decrease in evapotranspiration of 22.9715 mm, but only accounting for 10.23%. And we also discuss the spatial pattern of the sensitivities of evapotranspiration to vegetation based on the 66 catchments in the Hai River basin, and the results indicate that an increase in the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) would cause a decrease in evapotranspiration in dry regions (W < 1) and cause an increase in evapotranspiration in wet regions (W > 1). Evapotranspiration was more sensitive to NDVI changes in regions of W closer to 1.
Henian Wang; Xizhi Lv; Manyin Zhang. Sensitivity and attribution analysis of vegetation changes on evapotranspiration with the Budyko framework in the Baiyangdian catchment, China. Ecological Indicators 2020, 120, 106963 .
AMA StyleHenian Wang, Xizhi Lv, Manyin Zhang. Sensitivity and attribution analysis of vegetation changes on evapotranspiration with the Budyko framework in the Baiyangdian catchment, China. Ecological Indicators. 2020; 120 ():106963.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHenian Wang; Xizhi Lv; Manyin Zhang. 2020. "Sensitivity and attribution analysis of vegetation changes on evapotranspiration with the Budyko framework in the Baiyangdian catchment, China." Ecological Indicators 120, no. : 106963.
Decomposition of emergent macrophytes is now recognized as an internal nutrient source for shallow lakes. Temperate lakes always experience seasonal ice cover in winter, but the influences of emergent macrophytes decomposition on water quality have rarely been examined under ice. Here, we conducted an incubation experiment to investigate winter decomposition of two common emergent macrophytes species (Typha orientalis and Phragmites australis) and its influences on water quality in the Hengshui Lake, North China. Mesocosms simulating a lake ice regime were incubated in the field for 120 days in winter and were treated with and without plant material addition. Water quality was monitored through dissolved oxygen (DO), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), ammonium nitrogen (NH4-N), and nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N). We found that both species were significantly decomposed in winter and that the majority of mass loss occurred in the first 10 days of decomposition when the water surface of mesocosms were already frozen. The concentrations of DO rapidly dropped to values close to zero after plant material submergence. At the end of incubation, the concentrations of DOC, TN, and NO3-N in the mesocosms with plant material addition were significantly higher than initial concentrations. In contrast, the concentrations of DOC, TN, TP, NO3-N, and NH4-N in the mesocosms without plant material addition were equal to or less than initial concentrations. Our research suggests that winter decomposition of emergent macrophytes produces negative influences on water quality under ice that lasts for the whole winter.
Yuanyun Wei; Manyin Zhang; Lijuan Cui; Xu Pan; Weiwei Liu; Wei Li; Yinru Lei. Winter Decomposition of Emergent Macrophytes Affects Water Quality under Ice in a Temperate Shallow Lake. Water 2020, 12, 2640 .
AMA StyleYuanyun Wei, Manyin Zhang, Lijuan Cui, Xu Pan, Weiwei Liu, Wei Li, Yinru Lei. Winter Decomposition of Emergent Macrophytes Affects Water Quality under Ice in a Temperate Shallow Lake. Water. 2020; 12 (9):2640.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYuanyun Wei; Manyin Zhang; Lijuan Cui; Xu Pan; Weiwei Liu; Wei Li; Yinru Lei. 2020. "Winter Decomposition of Emergent Macrophytes Affects Water Quality under Ice in a Temperate Shallow Lake." Water 12, no. 9: 2640.
Weiwei Liu; Mengjie Li; Manyin Zhang; Songyuan Long; Ziliang Guo; Henian Wang; Wei Li; Daan Wang; Yukun Hu; Yuanyun Wei; Si Yang. Hyperspectral inversion of mercury in reed leaves under different levels of soil mercury contamination. 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleWeiwei Liu, Mengjie Li, Manyin Zhang, Songyuan Long, Ziliang Guo, Henian Wang, Wei Li, Daan Wang, Yukun Hu, Yuanyun Wei, Si Yang. Hyperspectral inversion of mercury in reed leaves under different levels of soil mercury contamination. . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWeiwei Liu; Mengjie Li; Manyin Zhang; Songyuan Long; Ziliang Guo; Henian Wang; Wei Li; Daan Wang; Yukun Hu; Yuanyun Wei; Si Yang. 2020. "Hyperspectral inversion of mercury in reed leaves under different levels of soil mercury contamination." , no. : 1.
High mercury (Hg) affects biochemical-physiological characteristics of plant leaves such as leaf chlorophyll, causing refractive discontinuity and modifications in leaf spectra. Furthermore, the hyperspectroscopy provides a potential tool for fast non-destructive estimation of leaf Hg. However, there are few studies that have investigated Hg for wetland plants via hyperspectral inversion. In this study, reeds (Phragmites australis) leaf Hg concentration and hyperspectra were measured under different soil Hg treatment. Hg-sensitive parameters were identified by basic spectral transformations and continuous wavelet transformation (CWT). Inversion models were developed using stepwise multiple linear regressions (SMLR), partial least square regression (PLSR), and random forest (RF) to estimate leaf Hg. The results indicated that CWT improved the correlation of hyperspectra and leaf Hg by 0.020–0.227, and R2 of the CWT-related model increased by 0.0557–0.2441. In addition, Hg-sensitive bands were predominant at 600–750 (visible region) and 1500–2300 nm (mid-infrared), and Hg might modify leaves spectra primarily by affecting chlorophyll and water contents. Of the studied models, SMLR using normalized transformation (NR) and CWT (NR-CWT-SMLR) model (R2 = 0.8594, RMSE = 0.0961) and RF using NR and CWT (NR-CWT-RF) model (R2 = 0.8560, RMSE = 0.1062) suited for leaf Hg inversion. For Hg content < 1.0 mg kg−1, the former model was more reliable and accurate. This study provided a method for the estimation of Hg contamination in wetland plant and indicated that model-based hyperspectral inversion was feasible for fast and non-destructive monitoring.
Weiwei Liu; Mengjie Li; Manyin Zhang; Songyuan Long; Ziliang Guo; Henian Wang; Wei Li; Daan Wang; Yukun Hu; Yuanyun Wei; Si Yang. Hyperspectral inversion of mercury in reed leaves under different levels of soil mercury contamination. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2020, 27, 22935 -22945.
AMA StyleWeiwei Liu, Mengjie Li, Manyin Zhang, Songyuan Long, Ziliang Guo, Henian Wang, Wei Li, Daan Wang, Yukun Hu, Yuanyun Wei, Si Yang. Hyperspectral inversion of mercury in reed leaves under different levels of soil mercury contamination. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2020; 27 (18):22935-22945.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWeiwei Liu; Mengjie Li; Manyin Zhang; Songyuan Long; Ziliang Guo; Henian Wang; Wei Li; Daan Wang; Yukun Hu; Yuanyun Wei; Si Yang. 2020. "Hyperspectral inversion of mercury in reed leaves under different levels of soil mercury contamination." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 27, no. 18: 22935-22945.
Introduction: High mercury (Hg) concentrations affect the chlorophyll in leaves, thereby modifying leaf spectra. Hyperspectra is a promising technique for the rapid, nondestructive evaluation of leaf Hg content. In this study, we investigated Hg contents and reflective hyperspectra of reed leaves (Phragmites communis) in a gold mining (Jilin province, China). Spectral parameters sensitive to Hg content were identified through basic spectral transformations, continuous wavelet transformation (CWT), and spectral indices techniques. Leaf Hg inversion models were developed using stepwise multiple linear regression, partial least squares regression, and random forest algorithms.Outcomes: The results indicated that: 1) leaf Hg content decreased with increasing distance from the mine: Jiapigou (JPG) > Erdaocha (EDC) > Laojingchang (LJC) > Erdaogou (EDG) > Lingqian (LQ) > Weishahe (WSH). 2) Hg–sensitive wavelengths were primarily in the visible region; CWT increased the correlation between hyperspectral data and leaf Hg content, and improved the regression and accuracy of inversion; 3) the continuum removal–CWT–stepwise multiple linear regression was better for estimating low leaf Hg content; while the differential spectral index–partial least squares regression was better for estimating high leaf Hg content.Conclusion: These hyperspectral inversion methods could be used for rapid, nondestructive monitoring of wetland plants.
Weiwei Liu; Mengjie Li; Manyin Zhang; Daan Wang; Ziliang Guo; Songyuan Long; Si Yang; Henian Wang; Wei Li; Yukun Hu; Yuanyun Wei; Hongye Xiao. Estimating leaf mercury content in Phragmites australis based on leaf hyperspectral reflectance. Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2020, 6, 1 .
AMA StyleWeiwei Liu, Mengjie Li, Manyin Zhang, Daan Wang, Ziliang Guo, Songyuan Long, Si Yang, Henian Wang, Wei Li, Yukun Hu, Yuanyun Wei, Hongye Xiao. Estimating leaf mercury content in Phragmites australis based on leaf hyperspectral reflectance. Ecosystem Health and Sustainability. 2020; 6 (1):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWeiwei Liu; Mengjie Li; Manyin Zhang; Daan Wang; Ziliang Guo; Songyuan Long; Si Yang; Henian Wang; Wei Li; Yukun Hu; Yuanyun Wei; Hongye Xiao. 2020. "Estimating leaf mercury content in Phragmites australis based on leaf hyperspectral reflectance." Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 6, no. 1: 1.
To counter widespread wetland loss and deterioration due to rapid socioeconomic development, China implemented a series of wetland conservation and restoration policies that have resulted in an increase in wetland area since 2000. Although wetland loss has been contained, changes in wetland ecosystem health are poorly quantified across China. We report on China’s first nationwide assessment of the spatial-temporal dynamics of wetland ecosystem health based on physical, biological, and chemical indicators from the first wetland inventory (1995–2003) to the second wetland inventory (2009–2013), and identify the potential effects of wetland ecosystem health changes to provide guidance for future wetland conservation management. We found that the wetland ecosystem health comprehensive index increased by 7.2%, indicating that China’s wetland conservation and restoration policies significantly promoted an improvement in wetland ecosystem health. These improvements were concentrated in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and in the eastern and northern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Deteriorations in wetland ecosystem health were focused in southern provinces and Heilongjiang, which were mainly attributed to population increase and conversion of wetland to cropland, respectively. Although wetland protection and restoration policies have improved wetland ecosystem health without affecting agricultural production, wetland conservation did not prevent the reduction in natural wetland area and the decline in biodiversity throughout China. This analysis demonstrated that a more proactive conservation strategy is required to greatly strengthen wetland conservation management, by expanding the wetland protected area network, strictly obeying wetland ecological redlines, strengthening degraded wetland restoration, and raising population awareness of wetland protection. This study provides a proactive wetland conservation strategy, and indicates that assessment of wetland ecosystem health changes and their driving factors could contribute to a better understanding and further coordination of the relationship between wetland ecological conditions and socioeconomic development.
Weiwei Liu; Ziliang Guo; Bo Jiang; Fei Lu; Henian Wang; Daan Wang; Manyin Zhang; Lijuan Cui. Improving wetland ecosystem health in China. Ecological Indicators 2020, 113, 106184 .
AMA StyleWeiwei Liu, Ziliang Guo, Bo Jiang, Fei Lu, Henian Wang, Daan Wang, Manyin Zhang, Lijuan Cui. Improving wetland ecosystem health in China. Ecological Indicators. 2020; 113 ():106184.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWeiwei Liu; Ziliang Guo; Bo Jiang; Fei Lu; Henian Wang; Daan Wang; Manyin Zhang; Lijuan Cui. 2020. "Improving wetland ecosystem health in China." Ecological Indicators 113, no. : 106184.
Wetland conservation has gradually improved worldwide. In situ conservation is effective in protecting valuable wetlands. Here, we review the expansion, reformation and problems associated with wetland conservation in China. The wetland conservation system in China comprises a wetland protected area network (nature reserves, wetland parks, urban wetland parks, aquatic germplasm reserves and special marine reserves) and a wetland grading system. Following rapid expansion, national wetland protected areas cover 4.78% of the country. At the same time, a wetland grading system that categorises the importance of wetlands has expanded to 13 provinces. However, reforming wetlands, including improving the role of wetlands, adjusting departmental responsibility, reforming conservation systems and implementing comprehensive wetland conservation regimes, is somewhat arduous and complicated at present. Although these changes have contributed to wetland conservation in China, the wetland conservation system still faces considerable problems because of a lack of uniform and efficient regulations. Management functions and spatial scope overlap in different systems, and there is a disconnect between resource management and law enforcement. A unified legal system and wetland identity cards should be established, with stronger law enforcement. Synergy between wetland conservation systems should improve, innovative wetland conservation mechanisms should be used and better coordination among different protection systems is needed.
Ziliang Guo; Weiwei Liu; Manyin Zhang; Yuguang Zhang; Xiaoyu Li. Transforming the wetland conservation system in China. Marine and Freshwater Research 2020, 71, 1469 .
AMA StyleZiliang Guo, Weiwei Liu, Manyin Zhang, Yuguang Zhang, Xiaoyu Li. Transforming the wetland conservation system in China. Marine and Freshwater Research. 2020; 71 (11):1469.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZiliang Guo; Weiwei Liu; Manyin Zhang; Yuguang Zhang; Xiaoyu Li. 2020. "Transforming the wetland conservation system in China." Marine and Freshwater Research 71, no. 11: 1469.
Examining the coordination of leaf and fine root traits not only aids a better understanding of plant ecological strategies from a whole-plant perspective, but also helps improve the prediction of belowground properties from aboveground traits. The relationships between leaf and fine root traits have been extensively explored at global and regional scales, but remain unclear at local scales. Here, we measured six pairs of analogous leaf and fine root traits related to resource economy and organ size for coexisting dominant and subordinate vascular plants at three successional stages of temperate forest swamps in Lingfeng National Nature Reserve in the Greater Hinggan Mountains, NE China. Leaf and fine root traits related to resource acquisition (e.g., specific leaf area [SLA], leaf N, leaf P, root water content, and root P) decreased with succession. Overall, we found strong linear relationships between leaf dry matter content (LDMC) and root water content, and between leaf and root C, N, and P concentrations, but only weak correlations were observed between leaf area and root diameter, and between SLA and specific root length (SRL). The strong relationships between LDMC and root water content and between leaf and root C, N, and P held at the early and late stages, but disappeared at the middle stage. Besides, C and P of leaves were significantly correlated with those of roots for woody plants, while strong linkages existed between LDMC and root water content and between leaf N and root N for herbaceous species. These results provided evidence for the existence of strong coordination between leaf and root traits at the local scale. Meanwhile, the leaf-root trait relationships could be modulated by successional stage and growth form, indicating the complexity of coordination of aboveground and belowground traits at the local scale.
Yu‐Kun Hu; Xu Pan; Xue‐Jun Yang; Guo‐Fang Liu; Xu‐Yan Liu; Yao‐Bin Song; Man‐Yin Zhang; Li‐Juan Cui; Ming Dong. Is there coordination of leaf and fine root traits at local scales? A test in temperate forest swamps. Ecology and Evolution 2019, 9, 8714 -8723.
AMA StyleYu‐Kun Hu, Xu Pan, Xue‐Jun Yang, Guo‐Fang Liu, Xu‐Yan Liu, Yao‐Bin Song, Man‐Yin Zhang, Li‐Juan Cui, Ming Dong. Is there coordination of leaf and fine root traits at local scales? A test in temperate forest swamps. Ecology and Evolution. 2019; 9 (15):8714-8723.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYu‐Kun Hu; Xu Pan; Xue‐Jun Yang; Guo‐Fang Liu; Xu‐Yan Liu; Yao‐Bin Song; Man‐Yin Zhang; Li‐Juan Cui; Ming Dong. 2019. "Is there coordination of leaf and fine root traits at local scales? A test in temperate forest swamps." Ecology and Evolution 9, no. 15: 8714-8723.
Protected areas are among the most effective methods for conserving biodiversity and huge systems of protected areas have been constructed in many parts of the world. However, the coverage of the existing protected area network is inadequate and it is biased toward many species in various biological groups and ecosystems. In this study, we used a gap analysis to evaluate the contribution to conservation and effectiveness of the wetland reserve network in China by focusing on 216 national key protected species and 129 endangered wild animal species, where we compared the differences between wetland National Nature Reserves and National Wetland Parks. The results showed that a wetland National Nature Reserve and National Wetland Park network have been constructed in China and they have gradually increased in size, where the wildlife conservation efficacy is high and the proportion protected has increased. However, the percentage of protected wild animals has tended to stabilize in recent years at significantly less than 80%. Moreover, the protection of rare and endangered animals is not effective in the wetland National Nature Reserves and National Wetland Parks. In general, wetland National Nature Reserves that contain many more national key protected animals and endangered animals than the National Wetland Parks play more important roles in the conservation of wildlife. Furthermore, most of the national key protected animal species (77.3%) and 47.3% of endangered animals are protected and managed in the existing wetland National Nature Reserves and National Wetland Parks. However, numerous sea animals and some smaller animals are neglected, thus their protection is ineffective. A proportion of wild animal species are still unprotected by the protected wetland system, particularly species that belong to Caudata, Anura, Testudines, Cetacea, Falconiformes, Strigiformes, Pelecaniformes, Ciconiiformes, and Coraciiformes.
Ziliang Guo; Guofa Cui; Manyin Zhang; Xiaoyu Li. Analysis of the contribution to conservation and effectiveness of the wetland reserve network in China based on wildlife diversity. Global Ecology and Conservation 2019, 20, e00684 .
AMA StyleZiliang Guo, Guofa Cui, Manyin Zhang, Xiaoyu Li. Analysis of the contribution to conservation and effectiveness of the wetland reserve network in China based on wildlife diversity. Global Ecology and Conservation. 2019; 20 ():e00684.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZiliang Guo; Guofa Cui; Manyin Zhang; Xiaoyu Li. 2019. "Analysis of the contribution to conservation and effectiveness of the wetland reserve network in China based on wildlife diversity." Global Ecology and Conservation 20, no. : e00684.
The coastal zone of China contains extensive coastal wetlands but it is also one of the most densely populated areas. Rapid changes of land use pattern associated with socio-economic development in the coastal zone have had tremendous impacts on the health of coastal wetlands and their provision of ecological services. In this study, we used a landscape development intensity index and landscape stress index to evaluate the conservation efficacy of the coastal zone and coastal protected areas along the coastline of China from 1990 to 2015. We then analyzed the impact of population density and gross domestic product (GDP) on landscape development intensity. The results showed that landscape development intensity in coastal zone increased over the 25 year period, but the growth rate of landscape development intensity and landscape stress slowed between 2005 and 2015. Higher levels of landscape development intensity were widespread in the coastal zone of northern China compared with southern China, and the coastal zones of the Huanghai Sea and the Bohai Sea were the focus of coastal wetlands conservation in mainland China. A number of coastal protected areas, including 33 coastal national nature reserves and 67 national special marine reserves, have been established in mainland China, protecting 16.80% of the coastline. Coastal wetlands have been effectively protected to some extent by building these protected areas, with results showing lower landscape development intensity. The conservation efficacy of coastal wetlands as a whole was affected by population expansion and GDP, but the effects were not necessarily all negative. A higher population density or GDP did not necessarily lead to stronger landscape development intensity in local areas.
Ziliang Guo; Manyin Zhang. The conservation efficacy of coastal wetlands in China based on landscape development and stress. Ocean & Coastal Management 2019, 175, 70 -78.
AMA StyleZiliang Guo, Manyin Zhang. The conservation efficacy of coastal wetlands in China based on landscape development and stress. Ocean & Coastal Management. 2019; 175 ():70-78.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZiliang Guo; Manyin Zhang. 2019. "The conservation efficacy of coastal wetlands in China based on landscape development and stress." Ocean & Coastal Management 175, no. : 70-78.
The diverse types of wetlands found in China range from those found in cold temperate to tropical zones, from plains to mountainous regions or plateaus, and from coastal to inland areas. The second wetland resource census of China indicates that the total area of Chinese wetlands is 53.6 million ha (excluding 30.06 million ha of paddy fields which are additional to this area), accounting for 5.58% of the national territorial area. Within this total area of wetland, the area of offshore and coastal wetland is 5.80 million ha, the area of river wetland is 10.55 million ha, the area of lake wetland is 21.73 million ha, and the area of constructed wetlands is 6.75 million ha. Significant change has occurred throughout history in Chinese wetland conservation and management policy. In the 1950s, due to the lack of food production, the Chinese government introduced a food production-oriented policy which led a large amount of wetland conversion into farmland. In the east-south region of China, the large-scale activity of reclaiming farmland from lakes resulted in rapid shrinkage of wetland extent while, in the coastal region of China, large amounts of mud flats have been converted into salt ponds, aquaculture ponds, and farmland. However, since 1992 when China joined the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands, the Chinese government has started to pay increasing attention to wetland conservation and has established strategic targets and supporting administrative departments and support mechanism, introduced a large number of action plans, planning processes, rules, regulations and laws, and operated national-level wetland conservation and restoration projects. By January 2014, China had 577 wetland nature reserves and 468 wetland parks, among which 46 had been listed as Ramsar wetlands of international importance.
Zhang Manyin. National Wetland Policy: China. The Wetland Book 2018, 777 -784.
AMA StyleZhang Manyin. National Wetland Policy: China. The Wetland Book. 2018; ():777-784.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang Manyin. 2018. "National Wetland Policy: China." The Wetland Book , no. : 777-784.
The Yangtze River, originating in the Tanggula Mountains, is the longest river in China and the third longest in the world. It flows from west to east across 11 provinces (or autonomous regions and municipalities) for about 6,300 km before emptying into the East China Sea at Shanghai. The Yangtze River ranks first nationally in terms of water flow, with total water resources of 960 billion m3, making up about 36% of the runoff volume in China, 20 times larger than that of the Yellow River. The wetlands along the Yangtze River Basin cover a total area of 20.74 Mha, accounting for 38.69% of the national wetland area. This chapter introduces the wetlands distributed in the headstream, the upper reaches, the middle and lower reaches and the estuary of Yangtze River. Further, the chapter identifies the challenges faced by the wetlands along Yangtze River.
Cui Lijuan; Zhang Manyin; Xu Weigang. Yangtze River Basin (China). The Wetland Book 2018, 1551 -1563.
AMA StyleCui Lijuan, Zhang Manyin, Xu Weigang. Yangtze River Basin (China). The Wetland Book. 2018; ():1551-1563.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCui Lijuan; Zhang Manyin; Xu Weigang. 2018. "Yangtze River Basin (China)." The Wetland Book , no. : 1551-1563.
Wetlands are one of the world’s most productive ecosystems, and therefore it is crucial that management decisions regarding wetlands incorporate awareness of accurate assessments of the value of their respective ecosystem services. In this paper, we seek to improve the modelling precision in the scale transform process of ecosystem service evaluation. Firstly, we selected eight services as the criteria to calculate wetland ecosystem values: substance production, flood control, carbon sequestration, gas regulation, climate regulation, wave reduction, adding new lands, recreation and education. Then, six coastal wetlands of Liaoning province were chosen as the case study areas, and their ecosystem values were calculated by empirical method. Next, we simulated ecosystem values of the six cases by two spatial-scales transform methods named meta-analysis and wavelet transform. Finally, we compared the two groups of simulated values with the empirical measured values to examine their evaluation precisions. The results indicated that the total precision of the wavelet transform model (0.968) was higher than that of meta-analysis (0.712). In addition, the simulated values of single services such as substance production, flood control, carbon sequestration, gas regulation, and climate regulation were closer to the measured values using wavelet transform model. This research contributes to identifying an evaluation model with higher precision for evaluating wetland ecosystem services in the process of scale transform.
Baodi Sun; Yinru Lei; Lijuan Cui; Wei Li; XiaoMing Kang; Manyin Zhang. Addressing the Modelling Precision in Evaluating the Ecosystem Services of Coastal Wetlands. Sustainability 2018, 10, 1136 .
AMA StyleBaodi Sun, Yinru Lei, Lijuan Cui, Wei Li, XiaoMing Kang, Manyin Zhang. Addressing the Modelling Precision in Evaluating the Ecosystem Services of Coastal Wetlands. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (4):1136.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBaodi Sun; Yinru Lei; Lijuan Cui; Wei Li; XiaoMing Kang; Manyin Zhang. 2018. "Addressing the Modelling Precision in Evaluating the Ecosystem Services of Coastal Wetlands." Sustainability 10, no. 4: 1136.
The chlorophyll content can indicate the general health of vegetation, and can be estimated from hyperspectral data. The aim of this study is to estimate the chlorophyll content of mangroves at different stages of restoration in a coastal wetland in Quanzhou, China, using proximal hyperspectral remote sensing techniques. We determine the hyperspectral reflectance of leaves from two mangrove species, Kandelia candel and Aegiceras corniculatum, from short-term and long-term restoration areas with a portable spectroradiometer. We also measure the leaf chlorophyll content (SPAD value). We use partial-least-squares stepwise regression to determine the relationships between the spectral reflectance and the chlorophyll content of the leaves, and establish two models, a full-wave-band spectrum model and a red-edge position regression model, to estimate the chlorophyll content of the mangroves. The coefficients of determination for the red-edge position model and the full-wave-band model exceed 0.72 and 0.82, respectively. The inverted chlorophyll contents are estimated more accurately for the long-term restoration mangroves than for the short-term restoration mangroves. Our results indicate that hyperspectral data can be used to estimate the chlorophyll content of mangroves at different stages of restoration, and could possibly be adapted to estimate biochemical constituents in leaves.
Zhiguo Dou; Lijuan Cui; Jing Li; Yinuo Zhu; Changjun Gao; Xu Pan; Yinru Lei; Manyin Zhang; Xinsheng Zhao; Wei Li. Hyperspectral Estimation of the Chlorophyll Content in Short-Term and Long-Term Restorations of Mangrove in Quanzhou Bay Estuary, China. Sustainability 2018, 10, 1127 .
AMA StyleZhiguo Dou, Lijuan Cui, Jing Li, Yinuo Zhu, Changjun Gao, Xu Pan, Yinru Lei, Manyin Zhang, Xinsheng Zhao, Wei Li. Hyperspectral Estimation of the Chlorophyll Content in Short-Term and Long-Term Restorations of Mangrove in Quanzhou Bay Estuary, China. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (4):1127.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhiguo Dou; Lijuan Cui; Jing Li; Yinuo Zhu; Changjun Gao; Xu Pan; Yinru Lei; Manyin Zhang; Xinsheng Zhao; Wei Li. 2018. "Hyperspectral Estimation of the Chlorophyll Content in Short-Term and Long-Term Restorations of Mangrove in Quanzhou Bay Estuary, China." Sustainability 10, no. 4: 1127.
Nutrient removal in tidal flow constructed wetlands (TF-CW) is a complex series of nonlinear multi-parameter interactions. We simulated three tidal flow systems and a continuous vertical flow system filled with synthetic wastewater and compared the influent and effluent concentrations to examine (1) nutrient removal in artificial TF-CWs, and (2) the ability of a backpropagation (BP) artificial neural network to predict nutrient removal. The nutrient removal rates were higher under tidal flow when the idle/reaction time was two, and reached 90 ± 3%, 99 ± 1%, and 58 ± 13% for total nitrogen (TN), ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N), and total phosphorus (TP), respectively. The main influences on nutrient removal for each scenario were identified by redundancy analysis and were input into the model to train and verify the pollutant effluent concentrations. Comparison of the actual and model-predicted effluent concentrations showed that the model predictions were good. The predicted and actual values were correlated and the margin of error was small. The BP neural network fitted best to TP, with an R2 of 0.90. The R2 values of TN, NH4+-N, and nitrate nitrogen (NO3−-N) were 0.67, 0.73, and 0.69, respectively.
Wei Li; Lijuan Cui; YaQiong Zhang; Zhangjie Cai; Manyin Zhang; Weigang Xu; Xinsheng Zhao; Yinru Lei; Xu Pan; Jing Li; Zhiguo Dou. Using a Backpropagation Artificial Neural Network to Predict Nutrient Removal in Tidal Flow Constructed Wetlands. Water 2018, 10, 83 .
AMA StyleWei Li, Lijuan Cui, YaQiong Zhang, Zhangjie Cai, Manyin Zhang, Weigang Xu, Xinsheng Zhao, Yinru Lei, Xu Pan, Jing Li, Zhiguo Dou. Using a Backpropagation Artificial Neural Network to Predict Nutrient Removal in Tidal Flow Constructed Wetlands. Water. 2018; 10 (1):83.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWei Li; Lijuan Cui; YaQiong Zhang; Zhangjie Cai; Manyin Zhang; Weigang Xu; Xinsheng Zhao; Yinru Lei; Xu Pan; Jing Li; Zhiguo Dou. 2018. "Using a Backpropagation Artificial Neural Network to Predict Nutrient Removal in Tidal Flow Constructed Wetlands." Water 10, no. 1: 83.
Peatlands play an important role in the global carbon cycle and potentially have a significant impact on regional climate change. Restoring and rewetting the degraded peatlands is an urgent task. However, effects of rewetting on the carbon emissions of peatlands remain poorly understood. In this study, the process of rewetting a piece of the degraded Zoige alpine peatland was experimentally simulated and the derived results were compared with those of natural rewetting by monitoring CO2 and CH4 fluxes and other environmental factors before and after rewetting. The natural rewetting results showed that rewetting decreased ecosystem respiration (ER) by about 60%. Furthermore, rewetting increased CH4 emissions by 127%, decreased total carbon emissions (TCE) from 270 to 157 mg CO2 m−2 h−1, and decreased TCE from the entire ecosystem by 42%. The results of the controlled experiment showed that ER decreased gradually as the degree of rewetting was increased, and CH4 fluxes and changes in water level were significantly and positively correlated: CH4 fluxes increased from 0.3 (water level −20 cm) to 2.17 mg CH4 m−2 h−1 (water level 20 cm). After rewetting, the TCE of the whole ecosystem were significantly decreased. Regional observations showed that CO2 fluxes were significantly and negatively correlated to the water level; and the corresponding CO2 equivalent was significantly and positively correlated to the water level, while TCE were significantly and negatively correlated to the water level. Our findings indicate that rewetting can decrease carbon emissions and thus contribute in mitigating the adverse effects of climate change in alpine peatland.
Lijuan Cui; XiaoMing Kang; Wei Li; Yanbin Hao; Yuan Zhang; Jinzhi Wang; Liang Yan; Xiaodong Zhang; Manyin Zhang; Jian Zhou; Paul Kardol. Rewetting Decreases Carbon Emissions from the Zoige Alpine Peatland on the Tibetan Plateau. Sustainability 2017, 9, 948 .
AMA StyleLijuan Cui, XiaoMing Kang, Wei Li, Yanbin Hao, Yuan Zhang, Jinzhi Wang, Liang Yan, Xiaodong Zhang, Manyin Zhang, Jian Zhou, Paul Kardol. Rewetting Decreases Carbon Emissions from the Zoige Alpine Peatland on the Tibetan Plateau. Sustainability. 2017; 9 (6):948.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLijuan Cui; XiaoMing Kang; Wei Li; Yanbin Hao; Yuan Zhang; Jinzhi Wang; Liang Yan; Xiaodong Zhang; Manyin Zhang; Jian Zhou; Paul Kardol. 2017. "Rewetting Decreases Carbon Emissions from the Zoige Alpine Peatland on the Tibetan Plateau." Sustainability 9, no. 6: 948.
The Yangtze River, originating in the Tanggula Mountains, stands as the longest river in China and the third longest in the world. It flows from west to east across 11 provinces (or autonomous regions and municipalities) for about 6,300 km before emptying into the East China Sea at Shanghai. The Yangtze River ranks first nationally in terms of water flow, with total water resources of 960 billion m3, making up about 36 % of the runoff volume in China, 20 times larger than that of the Yellow River. The wetlands along the Yangtze River Basin cover a total area of 20.74 Mha, accounting for 38.69 % of the national wetland area. This chapter introduces the wetlands distributed in the headstream, the upper reaches, the middle and lower reaches and the estuary of Yangtze River. Further, the chapter identifies the challenges faced by the wetlands along Yangtze River.
Cui Lijuan; Zhang Manyin; Xu Weigang. Yangtze River Basin (China). The Wetland Book 2017, 1 -13.
AMA StyleCui Lijuan, Zhang Manyin, Xu Weigang. Yangtze River Basin (China). The Wetland Book. 2017; ():1-13.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCui Lijuan; Zhang Manyin; Xu Weigang. 2017. "Yangtze River Basin (China)." The Wetland Book , no. : 1-13.
We monitored the water quality and hydrological conditions of a horizontal subsurface constructed wetland (HSSF-CW) in Beijing, China, for two years. We simulated the area-based constant and the temperature coefficient with the first-order kinetic model. We examined the relationships between the nitrogen (N) removal rate, N load, seasonal variations in the N removal rate, and environmental factors—such as the area-based constant, temperature, and dissolved oxygen (DO). The effluent ammonia (NH4+-N) and nitrate (NO3−-N) concentrations were significantly lower than the influent concentrations (p < 0.01, n = 38). The NO3−-N load was significantly correlated with the removal rate (R2 = 0.96, p < 0.01), but the NH4+-N load was not correlated with the removal rate (R2 = 0.02, p > 0.01). The area-based constants of NO3−-N and NH4+-N at 20 °C were 27 ± 26 (mean ± SD) and 14 ± 10 m∙year−1, respectively. The temperature coefficients for NO3−-N and NH4+-N were estimated at 1.004 and 0.960, respectively. The area-based constants for NO3−-N and NH4+-N were not correlated with temperature (p > 0.01). The NO3−-N area-based constant was correlated with the corresponding load (R2 = 0.96, p < 0.01). The NH4+-N area rate was correlated with DO (R2 = 0.69, p < 0.01), suggesting that the factors that influenced the N removal rate in this wetland met Liebig’s law of the minimum.
Lijuan Cui; Wei Li; YaQiong Zhang; Jiaming Wei; Yinru Lei; Manyin Zhang; Xu Pan; Xinsheng Zhao; Kai Li; Wu Ma. Nitrogen Removal in a Horizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland Estimated Using the First-Order Kinetic Model. Water 2016, 8, 514 .
AMA StyleLijuan Cui, Wei Li, YaQiong Zhang, Jiaming Wei, Yinru Lei, Manyin Zhang, Xu Pan, Xinsheng Zhao, Kai Li, Wu Ma. Nitrogen Removal in a Horizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland Estimated Using the First-Order Kinetic Model. Water. 2016; 8 (11):514.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLijuan Cui; Wei Li; YaQiong Zhang; Jiaming Wei; Yinru Lei; Manyin Zhang; Xu Pan; Xinsheng Zhao; Kai Li; Wu Ma. 2016. "Nitrogen Removal in a Horizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland Estimated Using the First-Order Kinetic Model." Water 8, no. 11: 514.