Background and Objectives: Dental caries is a preventable, reversible disease in its early stages. This study evaluated the intra-rater agreement of International Caries Assessment and Detection System (ICDAS) scores with Medit i500^® and Omnicam^® scanners versus traditional clinical examinations and the inter-rater agreement using the Omnicam^® among senior dentists and dental students and between these two groups. Materials and Methods: A total of 24 patients aged between 21 and 34 years, randomly selected from dental students and interns, underwent four examinations (three intraoral scans and one clinical examination), and the corresponding ICDAS scores were recorded by a randomly selected rater out of the 31 available examiners. The examination team consisted of dental students, dentists with less than 3 years, and dentists with more than 5 years of clinical experience. The following inter- and intra-rater agreement tests for the ordinal data were chosen: Fleiss’ kappa coefficient, Cohen’s weighted kappa, and inter-class correlations. Results: For all examination techniques, there was statistically significant agreement for the experienced raters (p < 0.05). The highest positive interclass correlation was obtained for inter-rater agreement tests of 288 observations recorded by senior dentists: ICC = 0.969 (95% CI 0.949–0.981). Conclusions: Intra-rater reliability was excellent for Omnicam compared to clinical exams conducted by senior dentists but moderate for Medit i500. Although inter-rater agreement using Omnicam was poor between students and between senior dentists and students, it was excellent among senior dentists.

Withdrawal Statement: The authors have withdrawn their manuscript https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.30.23294877v1 owing to the fact that they have new data and they are currently preparing an updated version. Therefore, the authors do not wish this work to be cited as reference for the project. If you have any questions, please contact the corresponding author of MS ID#: MEDRXIV/2023/294877

Background and Objectives: In recent decades the prevalence of dental caries has continued to increase despite widespread access to modern dental care. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic relevance of differentiating healthy, carious, and restored dental structures using intraoral scans—a non-irradiating imaging technique. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional reliability (diagnostic agreement) study was carried out. All 36 examiners underwent pre-calibration on the ICDAS scores recordings. They filled in ICDAS files for each randomly assigned patient through three different methods: clinical examinations and three-dimensional digital models obtained with two different intraoral scanners. Cohen’s weighted kappa test and Prevalence and Biased Adjusted Kappa (PABAK) were utilized to evaluate agreements. A corresponding p-value for agreement was computed for each agreement coefficient. Results: When ICDAS values recorded using intraoral scanners were compared for examiners with different experience levels, there was an inter-rater substantial agreement for all teeth (PABAK = 0.688; CI 95% = 0.344–0.894), but also for anterior teeth only, as well as for smooth surfaces only. Regardless of the examiner’s clinical experience, PABAK inter- and intra-rater agreement on fillings identification on three-dimensional digital models obtained by intraoral scanning were at least moderate in most cases. Conclusions: Three-dimensional digital models offer reliable diagnostic information, especially for experienced clinicians, supporting their use as a standardized tool in routine practice to obtain an accurate, dynamic view of patients’ caries status, although limitations such as controlled study conditions and variability in scanning algorithms across systems must also be acknowledged in daily dental diagnostics.

The aim of this in vitro study was to assess the remineralization process of human enamel, using two commercial pastes (containing calcium, phosphates, hydroxyl-apatite and sodium fluoride) and an experimental gel (obtained from fruit extract). 40 caries free extracted human teeth were divided into 4 groups: 3 study groups (n=12), and 1 control group (n=4). For the study groups, the remineralization agent differed: GC Tooth Mousse, Recaldent, Remin Pro (Voco) and an experimental gel made by “Raluca Ripan” Chemistry Institute (Cluj Napoca, Romania). ATR-FTIR (Jasco-610, Japan) was employed to verify the protective effect of the remineralizing products on enamel. UV-Vis spectra were used to determine mineral loss and gain during demineralization-remineralization process. No significant statistic difference emerged between specimens in study groups and the specimens in control group. Under the limitations of the in vitro study, the application of the tested product proved to be effective on enamel remineralization.

Introduction: Oral breathing is a major etiological factor in the occurrence of dento-maxillary anomalies. Its early recognition allows early interception, removal of the cause and respiratory re-education. Objective: Through this study we wanted to determine the prevalence of oral breathing in children and adolescents and to identify the symptoms most easily recognized by parents. Material and method: A 15 items questionnaire regarding the presence of signs and symptoms characteristic for oral respirators was distributed online. Responses were collected and statistically interpreted. Results: Of the 127 children and adolescents, 43.31% are potential oral breathers. The most frequently reported symptoms were: sleeping with open mouth, drooling on the pillow, snoring, the presence of rhinorrhea and nasal congestion, posture modifications. Conclusions: Parents succeed to a great extent in detecting the signs associated with oral breathing. They must be informed about their significance and referred to otorhinolaryngology, orthodontics and pedodontics services. Rezumat Introducere: Respirația orală este un factor etiologic major în apariția anomaliilor dento-maxilare. Recunoașterea ei precoce permite interceptarea timpurie, înlăturarea cauzei și reeducarea respiratorie. Obiectiv: Prin acest studiu am dorit să determinăm prevalența respirației orale la copii și adolescenți și să identificăm simptomele cele mai ușor recunoscute de către părinți. Material și metodă: Am realizat un chestionar referitor la prezenta unor semne și simptome caracteristice respiratorilor orali, cuprinzând 15 întrebări, distribuit în mediul online. Răspunsurile au fost colectate și interpretate statistic. Rezultate: La studiu au participat127 de copii și adolescenți din care 43,31% sunt potențiali respiratori orali. Cele mai frecvente simptome declarate au fost: dormitul cu cavitatea orală deschisă, salivatul pe pernă, sforăitul, prezența rinoreei și a congestiei nazale, adoptarea unei posturi vicioase. Concluzii: Părinții reușesc într-o mare măsură să deceleze semnele asociate respirației orale. Ei trebuie informați asupra semnificație acestora și îndrumați spre servicii de otorinolaringologie, ortodonție și pedodonție.