In recent years, traditional villages have vigorously developed as a phenomenon of the cultural tourism industry. In order to cope with the rapid development of the industry and changes in market demand, cultural tourism spaces urgently need to improve in quality, highlight cultural characteristics, and enhance cultural expressions. In the current tourism evaluation system, although it covers many dimensions such as environmental evaluation, sustainability evaluation, farmers’ participation, and adaptability evaluation, there is relatively little evaluation of the key element of spatial quality. Based on scene theory, this paper establishes a traditional village cultural tourism space quality evaluation system with the three main dimensions of authenticity, theatricality, and legitimacy, and fifteen sub-dimensions by drawing on the relevant theories of cultural tourism space evaluation. Then, the evaluation system is applied to three traditional villages in the suburbs of Beijing, China, for practice and verification. The study concludes that the authenticity of traditional villages is the core source of competitiveness of the cultural tourism industry; the excavation of non-heritage values should be strengthened; the spatial theatricality should be innovatively designed and planned to enhance the cultural experience; and legitimacy needs to be combined with renovation and operation to establish a mechanism for consultation and promote sustainable development. This paper hopes to enhance the scene benefit of traditional village cultural tourism spaces through the scene-theory-oriented space quality evaluation system, and deepen the understanding of rural space so as to provide relevant designers with more comprehensive design ideas to guide actual rural cultural tourism space design. At the same time, this article puts forward proposals such as strengthening the protection of intangible cultural heritage, innovating spatial experiences, and building a mechanism for consultation. The purpose is to accurately guide the optimisation of traditional village cultural tourism spaces, promote the improvement in spatial quality and the sustainable development of the cultural tourism industry, and contribute to rural revitalisation and cultural heritage.

Constructing digital models of public spaces of social networks found in traditional villages helps us explore the logic behind the interactions that occur within various relationships as well as achieve the optimization of spatial layouts and the equalization of the different use needs that social groups have. However, this analytical method has not been fully studied in the field focusing on the rationality of public spaces in traditional villages. This paper takes the traditional village protection demonstration area in Mentougou District, Beijing, China, as the object of research and selects three different forms of traditional villages to be analyzed. It tries to excavate the universal laws and unique differences in the models of the different forms of traditional villages and establish models for quantitative research, such as index calculation, so as to increase the depth and accuracy of research and embody the characteristic laws of the spaces studied in terms of the nature of the structures and relationships that are part of these spaces. The results show that the spatial characteristics of the different forms of traditional villages are obviously different from the relevance, equalization, and connectivity of spatial networks. The cluster form of traditional villages tends to focus on the villagers’ use demands and the assessment of the spatial status quo by increasing the number of spatial nodes and transforming spatial functions in order to achieve higher equalization. The dispersed form of traditional villages tends to focus on optimizing the relevance of spatial network structures. The linear form of traditional villages tends to establish public spaces so as to increase the depth and accuracy of research. Villages ought to establish direct links between public spaces in order to increase the connectivity of traditional villages. This study provides a rational basis for the differentiated planning decisions of traditional villages and lays the foundation for the promotion of the smooth and sustainable development of regional villages.

Research on the sustainability of rural roads is of great significance to the integrated promotion of rural habitat improvement, the maintenance of regional ecological patterns, and the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy. This paper examines the constraints to ensuring the sustainability of road infrastructure in rural Shaanxi, China. Rural road infrastructure plays an important role in poverty alleviation. Rural Shaanxi Province is situated among a variety of terrains and spans a large area. Therefore, using the current situation of rural roads in the province as a starting point, the constraints and their rankings that impede the sustainability of road infrastructure are identified through the fuzzy Delphi method (FDM) and structural equation modeling (SEM), which in turn suggests governance measures that can be taken. The data in this paper come from 498 valid questionnaires obtained from 50 townships and 101 sample villages in Shaanxi Province. Due to the huge number of questionnaires, the questionnaires were tested with the help of SPSS 26.0 software, which showed that the questionnaires had high reliability and validity, and then the structural equation model was validated and modified according to the recommendations of goodness-of-fit statistics measurement and the modification index. Finally, the key factors affecting the sustainable development of rural road infrastructure were finally identified.

In order to solve the safety ambiguity problems in the construction and use of rural roads in the gully area of the Loess Plateau, this paper proposes a safety assessment method based on the normal cloud model (NCM). First, a safety assessment index system is constructed by combining the key features of road traffic safety, and the weight coefficients of each index are determined by the entropy weight method (EWM) to set the assessment criteria. Then, the cloud eigenvalue of each indicator is calculated by using the normal cloud model to clarify the degree of its affiliation to different safety levels, which fully reflects the randomness and ambiguity in the assessment process. Finally, this paper selects a typical rural road in the gully area of the Loess Plateau for example analysis. The results show that the assessment method not only reduces the subjective influence of the evaluation criteria, effectively solves the problem of indicator ambiguity, and provides a reliable scientific basis for improving road safety, but also provides lessons and references for the improvement of transportation safety in other similar areas; improves the safety and security capacity and service level of regional roads; meets the needs of the rural masses for safe and comfortable travel; enhances the people’s sense of well-being, accessibility, and sense of security; boosts rural development; and better promotes the optimization of regional and even nationwide transportation services and service quality.

Cultural visitation routes represent an important opportunity for the public display of the famous historical and cultural city of Beijing, and its pedestrian environment, as a linear spatial carrier linking various historical and cultural attractions, is of great significance for the preservation of the famous historical and cultural city of Beijing through analysis of its spatial quality. At present, Beijing’s cultural visitation routes are in the stage of exploration and improvement, and scholars mainly focus on the selection, integration, and construction of cultural visitation routes in their research on cultural visitation routes, while the amount of research on the quality of the pedestrian environment for visitors is relatively small; in particular, the evaluation methods and indicator systems are still in the exploration stage. In this study, from the perspective of environmental behaviour theory, we took the Forbidden City–The Red House of Peking University–Wangfujing cultural visitation route as the research object and constructed a structural equation model to determine the perception of the pedestrian environment quality of the cultural visitation route in Beijing, starting from the visitors’ feelings of the pedestrian environment of the cultural visiting route. This study found that there is a positive correlation between the quality of spatial behaviours, the quality of the pedestrian environment, and the quality of the facilities on the emotional response of the visitors, with the quality of the facilities having the greatest impact on the emotional response of the visitors; among the observational variables, cultural and scientific facilities, spatial landscapes, street furniture, and safety play a more obvious role, and they are the main factors affecting the emotional response of the visitors. Based on the results of this study, an optimisation strategy for enhancing the pedestrian environments of Beijing’s cultural visitation routes is proposed to provide a reference for their design and optimisation.

Against the backdrop of promoting rural revitalization and ecological protection, the quality of rural life and living environment has been greatly improved. But with the improvement in rural living standards, the amount of domestic sewage discharge has also increased, bringing enormous pressure to the rural environment. Therefore, strengthening the construction and management of sewage treatment facilities is an important part of achieving sustainable development. This article takes rural areas in western China as an example to investigate and analyze the characteristics and existing problems of their domestic sewage treatment facilities. A set of evaluation indicators for rural domestic sewage treatment facilities suitable for western regions is constructed, which covers three aspects of evaluation indicators: Technology, Environment, and Economy. The weights of each evaluation indicator are determined through the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process. Validate the model through specific cases to ensure the practicality and accuracy of the evaluation system. This provides a certain reference for the scientific management and sustainable development of domestic sewage treatment facilities in rural areas of western China. This article has important practical significance for promoting the scientific management and sustainable development of rural domestic sewage treatment facilities in western China and also provides useful reference for rural environmental protection in other regions.