Diaporthe species have often been reported as plant pathogens, endophytes and saprophytes, commonly isolated from a wide range of infected plant hosts. In the present study, twenty strains obtained from leaf spots of twelve host plants in Yunnan Province of China were isolated. Based on a combination of morphology, culture characteristics and multilocus sequence analysis of the rDNA internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF), β-tubulin (TUB), calmodulin (CAL), and histone (HIS) genes, these strains were identified as eight new species: Diaporthe camelliae-sinensis, D. grandiflori, D. heliconiae, D. heterostemmatis, D. litchii, D. lutescens, D. melastomatis, D. pungensis and two previously described species, D. subclavata and D. tectonendophytica. This study showed high species diversity of Diaporthe in tropical rain forests and its hosts in south-western China.

Microdochium species have often been reported as plant pathogens and saprophytes and are commonly isolated from some diseased plant hosts. The primary aim of the present study was to describe and illustrate two new Microdochium species isolated from the leaf spot of Indocalamus longiauritus in Yunnan Province, China, namely Microdochium yunnanense and M. indocalami, spp. nov., based on their morphology and multilocus phylogenetic analyses of the combined ITS, LSU, TUB2, and RPB2. DNA sequence data indicate that six strains represent three independent groups from related and similar species in Microdochium. Microdochium indocalamisp. nov. clustered with M. fisheri, M. lycopodinum, M. rhopalostylidis, and M. phragmitis. Microdochium yunnanensesp. nov. grouped with M. bolleyi. In addition, the strain SAUCC1017 is recorded as an unidentified species in Microdochium. Descriptions and illustrations of the new species in the genus and Microdochium sp. indet. are provided.

Species of the genus Microdochium (Microdochiaceae, Xylariales) have been reported from the whole world and separated from multiple plant hosts. The primary aim of the present study is to describe and illustrate three new species isolated from the leaf spot of Bambusaceae sp. and saprophytic leaves in Hainan and Yunnan provinces, China. The proposed three species, viz., Microdochium bambusae, M. nannuoshanense and M. phyllosaprophyticum, are based on multi-locus phylogenies from a combined dataset of ITS rDNA, LSU, RPB2 and TUB2 in conjunction with morphological characteristics. Descriptions and illustrations of three new species in the genus are provided.

Beltraniaceae comprises mainly saprophytic fungi that occur on various substrates in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. In our ongoing survey of terrestrial plant fungi in southern China, we collected Beltraniaceae isolates from Guizhou, Hainan, and Yunnan provinces. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses based on two genetic loci (ITS and LSU) were employed to determine the taxonomic position of the species. We confirmed that they represent two new species (Beltrania verisp. nov. and Beltraniella danzhouensissp. nov.), three newly recorded species (Beltrania sinensis, Beltraniella fertilis, and Beltraniella jiangxiensis), and one known species (Beltraniella jianfengensis). We provide detailed descriptions and micrographs of these species and compare them with other Beltraniaceae species.

The genus Phyllosticta comprises diverse plant-associated fungi, many of which are significant pathogens or endophytes with complex taxonomic histories. Traditional classification, reliant on morphology and host associations, has long been challenged by overlapping traits, necessitating integrative approaches combining molecular and phenotypic data. In this study, four new Phyllosticta species—P. decaspermisp. nov. (from Decaspermum montanum and dead leaves), P. morellaesp. nov. (from Morella rubra), P. clematideasp. nov. (from Clematis vitalba), and P. pittosporicolasp. nov. (from Pittosporum illicioides and dead leaves)—are described based on multi-locus phylogenetic analysis (ITS, LSU, tef1, act, and gpdh) and morphological characterization. These taxa are assigned to the P. capitalensis and P. concentrica species complexes, expanding the known diversity of these clades. Phylogenomic analysis using 5,399 orthologous protein clusters confirmed robust species boundaries within Phyllosticta, mirroring patterns observed in other fungal groups where phylogenomics resolves ambiguous relationships. Gene family analysis revealed a high proportion of conserved single-copy orthologs, indicating stable core functions, alongside unique gene families likely underlying ecological specialization. KEGG metabolic pathway analysis highlighted species-specific adaptations: for example, enhanced “Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum” in saprophytic species and active “Amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism” in host-associated taxa, reflecting functional divergence linked to lifestyle. These findings align with broader fungal evolutionary trends, where nuclear genomic divergence and potential mitochondrial contributions (e.g., intron dynamics) shape metabolic strategies enabling adaptation to diverse hosts. This study enhances our understanding of Phyllosticta taxonomy and evolution, emphasizing the utility of integrative approaches in resolving fungal diversity.

Phyllosticta (Phyllostictaceae, Botryosphaeriales) species have been reported worldwide and collected from various plant hosts. We proposed three new species, viz., Phyllosticta ellipticasp. nov., P. rhododendrisp. nov., and P. wuzhishanensissp. nov., based on multi-locus phylogenetic analysis using a combined dataset of ITS rDNA, LSU, tef1, ACT, and GPDH, along with morphological characteristics. Moreover, P. capitalensis, isolated from the leaves of Mangifera indica, is redescribed herein. We have re-examined the six species complexes: the P. capitalensis species complex (including 32 species), P. concentrica species complex (including 32 species), P. cruenta species complex (including 22 species), P. owaniana species complex (including six species), P. rhodorae species complex (including two species), and P. vaccinii species complex (including two species). Detailed descriptions and illustrations of the new species are provided. These findings enrich the biodiversity of fungi and provide reference for subsequent research.