Various reactive oxygen and nitrogen species are accompanied by electrons, ultra-violet (UV) radiation, ions, photons, and electric fields in non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma. Plasma technology is already used in diverse fields, such as biomedicine, dentistry, agriculture, ozone generation, chemical synthesis, surface treatment, and coating. Non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma is also considered a promising technology in environmental pollution control. The degradation of organic and inorganic pollutants will be massively advanced by plasma-generated reactive species. Various investigations on the use of non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma technology for organic wastewater purification have already been performed, and advancements are continuing to be made in this area. This work provides a critical review of the ongoing improvements related to the use of non-thermal plasma in wastewater control and outlines the operational principle, standards, parameters, and boundaries with a special focus on the degradation of organic compounds in wastewater treatment.

Diabetes is one of the most significant causes of death all over the world. This illness, due to abnormal blood glucose levels, leads to impaired wound healing and, as a result, foot ulcers. These ulcers cannot heal quickly in diabetic patients and may finally result in amputation. In recent years, different research has been conducted to heal diabetic foot ulcers: one of them is using cold atmospheric pressure plasma. Nowadays, cold atmospheric pressure plasma is highly regarded in medicine because of its positive effects and lack of side effects. These conditions have caused plasma to be considered a promising technology in medicine and especially diabetic wound healing because studies show that it can heal chronic wounds that are resistant to standard treatments. The positive effects of plasma are due to different reactive species, UV radiation, and electromagnetic fields. This work reviews ongoing cold atmospheric pressure plasma improvements in diabetic wound healing. It shows that plasma can be a promising tool in treating chronic wounds, including ones resulting from diabetes.

Increasing the number of resistant bacteria resistant to treatment is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. These bacteria are created in wounds and injuries and can be transferred through hospital equipment. Various attempts have been made to treat these bacteria in recent years, such as using different drugs and new sterilization methods. However, some bacteria resist drugs, and other traditional methods cannot destroy them. In the meantime, various studies have shown that cold atmospheric plasma can kill these bacteria through different mechanisms, making cold plasma a promising tool to deactivate bacteria. This new technology can be effectively used in the food industry because it has the potential to inactivate microorganisms such as spores and microbial toxins and increase the wettability and printability of polymers to pack fresh and dried food. It can also increase the shelf life of food without leaving any residue or chemical effluent. This paper investigates cold plasma’s potential, advantages, and disadvantages in the food industry and sterilization.

The effect of cold atmospheric He plasma on multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) / cobalt nanoelectrodes has been investigated for reversible hydrogen ion storage. To perform plasma treatment, the material suspensions were subjected to plasma treatment for different durations, such as 30, 60, and 100 seconds, and then deposited on Cu foam to be used as active anode material. After characterization, the discharge capacity of the nanoelectrodes was examined, revealing that cold plasma treatment, even at the shortest duration (30 seconds), increases the hydrogen storage capacity of the nanoelectrodes due to the formation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen functional groups on the walls of the MWCNTs. This study also indicated that there is an optimal plasma treatment time of 60 seconds, resulting in the highest discharge capacity of 9700 mAh/gr at a constant current of 1 mA. Consequently, He plasma treatment of the nanoelectrodes offers promising applications in hydrogen storage and the battery industry.

Given the increasing development of plasma technology and its wide range of applications in various research and industrial fields, investigating the physical and chemical properties of plasmas produced under different gas compositions is of particular importance. In this study, we evaluate the physical and chemical properties of an argon–oxygen gas mixture by simulating a dielectric barrier discharge at a pressure of 400 Pa under a sinusoidal voltage with an amplitude of 350 V and a frequency of 7 kHz. Argon was considered as the base gas, and oxygen was added at five different concentrations of 1%, 5%, 10%, 20%, and 50%. The simulations were performed using the commercial software COMSOL Multiphysics, and parameters such as the voltage–current characteristic, density distributions of different species, and electron temperature distribution were investigated. The aim of this study is to investigate the temporal evolution of the kinetic properties and densities of various generated species, such as ozone and atomic oxygen, which play an important role in sterilization processes, and to determine their optimal values for improving the efficiency of the system.

Background: Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) is an emerging plant pathogen that has rapidly spread from the Mediterranean to almost all continents, posing a serious threat to sustainable greenhouse crop production. Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP), a low-temperature ionized gas containing electrons, ions, photons, and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS), has gained attention for boosting yield and controlling plant diseases such as by virus inactivation. Methods: This study evaluated the efficacy of cold argon plasma-activated water applied for 3, 5, and 10 min in suppressing ToBRFV and the severity of viral symptoms under greenhouse conditions. In addition to assessing disease severity, the effect of cold plasma treatment was also examined on plant vegetative growth parameters, the activity of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, and the expression levels of genes related to pathogenesis. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to simplify multivariate data on plant growth and antioxidant activity across plasma treatments. Results: The results indicated that cold plasma treatments, particularly the 5-minute treatment, differed significantly from the control group and induced a strong positive correlation among tomato growth traits. This correlation appears to have played a key role in both improved growth and enhanced defense against ToBRFV. Moreover, plasma treatments, particularly 5-minute treatments, significantly increased the levels of antioxidant compounds—including phenols, flavonoids, DPPH, CAT, SOD, POD, APX, and proline —and reduced the oxidative stress index (MDA) compared to the control group. Peak antioxidant activity and accumulation of defense compounds were observed 14 days post-inoculation, indicating the apex of the plant’s defense response. PCA further confirmed that the 5-minute treatment induced the greatest differentiation and defense against ToBRFV, underscoring the presence of a coordinated defense mechanism in tomato plants. Also, the significant increase and peak expression of defense genes—PR1 (pathogenesis-related protein-1), PR2 (β-1,3-glucanase), and PR5 (thaumatin-like protein)—observed in plasma treatments, especially at 14 days post-inoculation, suggest that plasma induces systemic defense responses in plants against ToBRFV. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that cold plasma is an effective, non-chemical, and environmentally sound technology for eliciting plant defenses. It successfully mitigates ToBRFV severity and enhances plant growth indices, highlighting its high potential as a novel and sustainable strategy for managing the virus in greenhouse cultivation systems.