An annotated checklist of the anomuran crustaceans recorded from Indian waters is compiled from available published literature. A total of 231 species belonging to 58 genera, 15 families and five superfamilies are listed. The highest number of species was seen in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands Ecoregion (114 species, 37 genera, 14 families), followed by the South India Ecoregion (111 species, 41 genera, 14 families), West India Ecoregion (93 species, 36 genera, 14 families), Eastern India Ecoregion (76 species, 29 genera, 12 families), Maldives Ecoregion (34 species, 15 genera, 10 families) and Northern Bay of Bengal Ecoregion (22 species, nine genera, five families). Notes on the questionable identifications and records of some anomuran crabs are also provided.

Two new species of the galatheid squat lobster genus Galathea Fabricius, 1793 are described from the Andaman Sea, India. Galathea nicobarica sp. nov. closely resembles G. rubromaculata Miyake & Baba, 1967a, but differs in the armature of the branchial carapace margin and shape of the dactylus of the third maxilliped. Galathea tirmiziae sp. nov. is allied to G. consobrina De Man, 1902 and G. tagaro Macpherson & Robainas-Barcia, 2015, but is distinguished by the merus of the third maxilliped lacking a disto-extensor spine and the proportionally more slender merus of the second pereopod.

A new porcellanid crab, Petrolisthes uruma sp. nov., is described based on a single specimen collected from Okinawa-jima Island in the Ryukyus, southwestern Japan. The unique holotype was collected from a subtidal depth of 10 m, though vast majority of the genus occur in intertidal to shallow subtidal zone. The new species is morphologically closest to P. moluccensis (De Man, 1888), but is distinguished by the weaker striation on the carapace, the proportionally longer carpus of the cheliped, the number of the anterior marginal teeth of the carpus of the cheliped, and the meri of the second and third pereopods each with a much stronger spine at the lateroventral distal angle. A brief note on species of Petrolisthes presently known from the Ryukyu Islands is given.

Hermit crab species are reported on the basis of specimens collected by recent faunal surveys in submarine caves of three islands (Ie, Okinawa, and Shimoji Islands) of the Ryukyu Islands, southwestern Japan. The material includes three species in three genera of Diogenidae and 11 species in four genera of Paguridae. Catapaguroides longior Komai, Yamada & Shirakawa, 2010 and Pylopaguropsis granulata Asakura, 2000, each previously known only from the holotype, are recorded with intraspecific morphological variation observed in the present specimens. Color and morphological variations of Pagurixus nomurai Komai & Asakura, 1995 are also discussed. The present specimens of Catapaguroides foresti McLaughlin, 2002, C. longior, and Pylopaguropsis granulata suggest that the three species prefer the sandy or silty substrate in the deeper inner sites of submarine caves rather than other cryptic habitats in coral or rocky reefs.

Seven species of chirostyloid and galatheoid crustaceans, including three new species, are reported from the eastern Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal, India, based on material from depths ranging from 32–1420 metres.Trapezionida samudrikasp. nov. appears close toT. munin(Komai, 2011), but is distinguished by the shape of the carapace and fourth thoracic sternite, the armature of the third maxilliped merus, the length and armature of the cheliped, and the armature of the ambulatory legs.Paramunida travancoricasp. nov. differs from its closest speciesP. bineeshiMacpherson, Chan, Kumar & Rodriguez-Flores, 2020,P. mozambicaCabezas, Macpherson & Machordom, 2010, andP. stichasMacpherson, 1993 in the morphology of the carapace and antennular and antennal peduncles.Munidopsis bhavasagarasp. nov. is similar toM. dentifalxOsawa, Lin & Chan, 2007, but distinguishable by the absence of a pair of elevated, short ridges on the epigastric carapace region and the proportionally shorter chelipeds and ambulatory legs. The present material ofMunidopsis unguiferaAlcock & Anderson, 1894 represents only the third record of the species in India and a detailed description and illustrations are provided to supplement the previous descriptions. The remaining three species,Eumunida multispinaKomai, Chakraborty, Paramasivam & Gidda, 2019,Munidopsis scobinaAlcock, 1894, andM. stylirostrisWood-Mason in Wood-Mason & Alcock, 1891, are recorded from additional localities within their known geographic regions.