A sensitive biotinylated indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Bic-ELISA) was developed to detect acetamiprid pesticides in pollen, based on the heterogeneous coating antigen and biotinylated anti-acetamiprid monoclonal antibody. Under optimized experimental conditions, the detection limit for the Bic-ELISA was 0.17 ng/mL and the linear range was 0.25–25 ng/mL. The cross-reactivities could be regarded as negligible for the biotinylated antibodies with their analogues except for thiacloprid (1.66%). Analyte recoveries for extracts of spiked pollen (camellia pollen, lotus pollen, rape pollen) ranged from 81.1% to 108.0%, with intra-day relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 4.8% to 10.9%, and the average reproducibility was 85.4% to 110.9% with inter-assay and inter-assay RSDs of 6.1% to 11.7%. The results of Bic-ELISA methods for the Taobao’s website samples were largely consistent with HPLC-MS/MS. Therefore, the established Bic-ELISA methods would be conducive to the monitoring of acetamiprid in pollen.

Profenofos is a detectable insecticide in the environment with strong toxicity to non-targeted organisms. Photodegradation is a main transformation of profenofos in the environment. Myricetin is a flavonoid that strongly scavenges free radicals. The effect of myricetin on the photodegradation of profenofos was studied. The half-lives (T_1/2) of profenofos were 1.7–7.0 and 90 h under artificial light and sunlight. The photolysis rate of profenofos decreased by 1.87–4.72 and 7.62 times with the addition of 20 ratios of myricetin. Free radicals reacting with profenofos were •OH and ¹O₂, and the key free radical was •OH. Myricetin strongly scavenged •OH and ¹O₂ which rapidly reacted with profenofos. O-(2-Chlorophenyl)-O-ethyl-S-propyl phosphorothioate (M3) and O-(2-chlorophenyl)-O-ethyl phosphorothioate (M4) were major and new photoproducts of profenofos. According to the Ecological Structure Activity Relationships, photodegradation of profenofos was a detoxification process, but myricetin inhibited the photodegradation of profenofos and its photoproducts. These results highlight the implication of myricetin on the fate and potential risk of profenofos in the environment.