Purpose: Diabetes mellitus complications are responsible for increased disability, morbidity, and mortality. This study aimed to assess prevalence, patterns, and predictors of chronic complications of diabetes among people with diabetes. Patients and Methods: The study was conducted using a prospective observational study design which was done on people with diabetes attending the ambulatory clinic of Mettu Karl Referral Hospital. The data were collected using a consecutive type of sampling technique from April 15 to August 9, 2019. The data were entered into Epidata manager version 4.4.2. Logistic regression analysis was done to identify predictors of chronic complications of diabetes. Results: A total of 330 participants were included in this study. The mean age of participants was 49.9± 14.2, and 156 (47.3%) were 41 to 60 years old. About 127 (38.5%) had one or more chronic complications. The predictors of chronic diabetes complications were resident in urban areas [AOR: 1.94; 95% CI: (1.17, 3.20); p = 0.010], duration of diabetes <![CDATA[$ \ge $]]> 10 years [AOR: 2.05, 95% CI: (1.21, 3.47); p = 0.007], hypertension [AOR: 4.19; 95% CI: (2.54, 6.91); p < 0.001] and poor glycemic control [AOR: 2.82; 95% CI: (1.53, 5.21); p = 0.001]. Conclusion: Almost two-fifth of the study participants had chronic complications of diabetes. Residents in urban areas, longer duration of diabetes, hypertension and poor glycemic control were predictors of chronic diabetes complications. It is important to achieve good glycemic control and manage comorbid diseases like hypertension to minimize the risk of chronic diabetes complications.

Introduction The current estimate is that 463 million people worldwide have diabetes. In 2017, an estimated 5 million (9.9%) deaths worldwide among adults were caused by diabetes. The burden of disease associated with uncontrolled diabetes is substantial in terms of mortality and cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to assess glycemic control level and its predictors among adult patients with diabetes. Methods A prospective observational study was conducted among patients with diabetes during follow-up at an ambulatory clinic of Mettu Karl referral hospital from 15 April to 09 August 2019. The consecutive sampling method was used to collect data, following which the data were entered into Epidata manager version 4.4.2 and exported to the SPSS version 24.0 statistical software package for analysis. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify predictors of poor glycemic control. Variables whose significance level was < 0.05 (p value) were considered to be predictors of poor glycemic control. Results A total of 330 diabetic patients were included in the study, among whom 240 (72.7%) had poor glycemic control. The predictors of poor glycemic control in the multivariate logistic regression analysis were overweight [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 4.07; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.60, 10.36; p = 0.003], obesity (AOR 4.39; 95% CI 1.59, 12.14; p = 0.004), higher estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (AOR 2.34; 95% CI 1.23, 4.44; p = 0.010), type 1 diabetes (AOR 3.22; 95% CI 1.58, 6.55; p = 0.001), poor diet adherence (AOR 6.95; 95% CI 3.63, 13.32; p < 0.001) and non-adherence to medications (AOR 5.82; 95% CI 2.77, 12.26; p < 0.001). Conclusion Almost three-quarters of the study population of diabetic patients had poorly controlled blood sugar. Overweight, obesity, higher eGFR, type 1 diabetics, poor adherence to diet recommendation and non-adherence to medications were independent predictors of poor glycemic control. Educational strategies should focus on improving adherence to the recommended diet and medication(s), achieving weight control and optimizing glycemic control.

Background: The coronavirus disease-19 has been labeled a pandemic by World Health Organization. By virtue of its highly contagious attribution, this virus has spread across over the world and the numbers are still rapidly increasing. Increasing numbers of confirmed cases and mortality rates of coronavirus disease 2019 are occurring in several countries. The aim of this systematic review was to summarize clinical presentations of this newly emerging coronavirus disease. Methods: A systematic review of published articles was conducted using databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. A search was conducted on 18 to 25 April 2020. Search terms included “novel coronavirus,” “2019 novel coronavirus,” “Coronavirus disease 2019,” “COVID-19,” “severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.” The studies published in the English language and their full texts available were included. The eligible study designs were cross-sectional, case-control, cohort, and case series. Results: Thirty (30) studies which contain 4829 participants were included in this review. From included studies, the age of infected patients were found in range 0.25 to 94 years. The main clinical symptoms of COVID-19 patients were fever (77.6%), cough (64.8%), fatigue (27.2%), dyspnea (21.2%) and sputum production (18.0%). Conclusion: This systematic review identified that fever, cough, fatigue, and dyspnea were the most common reported clinical features of coronavirus disease 19. Understanding of the clinical spectrum and impact of this novel disease is important for all individuals, especially for healthcare workers to manage and prevent it.

Background: People living with diabetes are more vulnerable to drug-related problems due to the presence of multiple diseases. This study aimed to identify drug-related problems and contributing factors among diabetic patients.Methods: This study used a prospective observational study design. The study was conducted among diabetic patients during follow-up at Mettu Karl Referral Hospital from 15 April to 09 August 2019. The consecutive sampling was utilized to collect data. The identification of drug-related problems was performed using the Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe version 8.03. Following data collection, data were entered into Epidata manager version 4.4.2 and exported to the SPSS version 24.0 for analysis. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was done to identify predictors of drug-related problems.Results: A total of 330 people with diabetes were included in the study, among whom 279 (84.5%) had at least one drug-related problem. A total of 455 drug-related problems were identified. Effects of drug treatment not being optimal (52.7%) and untreated symptoms or indications (30.1%) were the most commonly identified drug-related problems. About 865 interventions were provided for identified drug-related problems and 79.8% was accepted. Diabetes duration $$\ge 7$$≥7 years [AOR = 2.02; 95% CI (1.06, 3.85);p = 0.033] and the presence of comorbidity [AOR: 2.33; 95% CI (1.18, 4.60);p = 0.015] were factors identified as predictors of drug-related problems.Conclusion: The present study identified that drug-related problems are common among diabetic patients. Effects of drug treatment not being optimal and untreated symptoms or indications were the most commonly identified drug-related problems. Longer diabetes duration and the presence of comorbidities were predictors of drug-related problems.

Objective: This study aimed to assess uncontrolled blood pressure and contributing factors among patients with hypertension. Methods: Hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from January to April 2021 at Bedele General Hospital. Data were collected using the semi-structured questionnaire. All patients with hypertension were included using consecutive sampling technique unless ineligible. EpiData 4.4.2 was used for data entry, and SPSS 24.0 was employed for analysis. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with uncontrolled blood pressure. Results: A total of 219 patients with hypertension were included in the study. About 60.3% of participants were male. The mean age of the study participants was 48.54 ± 12.93 years. The prevalence of uncontrolled blood pressure among the study participants was 56.2%. The factors significantly associated with uncontrolled blood pressure were age >60 years (adjusted prevalence ratio = 4.42; 95% confidence interval = (1.71, 11.46); p = 0.002) and the presence of comorbidity (adjusted prevalence ratio = 2.16; 95% confidence interval = (1.22, 3.82); p = 0.008). Conclusion: More than half of the study participants had uncontrolled blood pressure. Older age and comorbidity were the predictors of uncontrolled blood pressure. Attaining controlled blood pressure is important to avoid consequences of high blood pressure. So, healthcare provider should focus on achieving target blood pressure goal.

Adverse drug events (ADEs) are common complications of clinical care resulting in significant morbidity, mortality, and high clinical expenditure. Population-level estimates of inpatient ADEs are limited in Ethiopia. This study aimed to assess the incidence, contributing factors, severity, and preventability of ADEs among hospitalized adult patients at Jimma Medical Center, Ethiopia. A prospective observational study design was conducted among hospitalized adult patients at tertiary hospital in Ethiopia. A structured data collection tool was prepared from relevant literatures for data collection. Data were analyzed using statistical software. Logistic regression was performed to identify factors contributing to ADE occurrence. P values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. A total of 319 patients were included with follow-up period of 5667 person-days. About 50.5% were women. The mean (SD) age of patients was 43 (17.6) years. One hundred sixteen ADEs were identified with the incidence of 36.4 (95% CI, 30.1–43.6) per 100 admissions and 20.5 (95% CI, 16.9–24.6) per 1000 person-days. Antituberculosis agents (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.52; 95% CI, 1.06–5.98; P = 0.036), disease of the circulatory system (aOR = 2.67; 95% CI, 1.46–4.89; P = 0.001), disease of the digestive system (aOR = 2.84; 95% CI, 1.45–5.57; P = 0.002), being on medication during admission (aOR = 3.09; 95% CI, 1.77–5.41; P < 0.001), and hospital stay more than 2 weeks (aOR = 3.93; 95% CI, 1.39–11.12; P = 0.010) were independent predictors of ADE occurrence. One in every 4 patients admitted to the hospital experienced ADEs during their hospital stay. Most ADEs were moderate in severity. About two-thirds of the ADEs identified were deemed probably or definitely preventable. Therefore, it is high time to reinforce large-scale efforts to redesign safer, higher quality health care systems to adequately tackle the problem.