Substance use seems to be higher among populations with chronic pain. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between the quantity of alcohol, tobacco, and psychotropic drugs consumed and chronic pain among women and men. Linear and logistic regression analyses were carried out using data from the 2015-2016 adults' version of the Andalusian Health Survey which is a representative cross-sectional population-based study (n = 6,569 adults aged >16 years; 50.8% women; 49.2% men). Disabling chronic pain was statistically associated with higher tobacco consumption among men (β = -30.0, 95% confidenct interval [CI] -59.5 to -0.60; t = -2.0; p < .05). Regarding alcohol, non-disabling chronic pain and a higher quantity of alcohol consumed are statistically associated for both sexes (women: β = 30.4, 95% CI 2.3-58.6; t = 2.12; p < .05 vs. men: β = 164.2, 95% CI 24.3-340.1); t = 2.30; p < .05). For women and men, both disabling chronic pain (women: odds ratio [OR] = 8.7, 95% CI 6.0-12.7); p < .05 vs. men: OR = 3.5, 95% CI 1.5-8.2); p < .05) and non-disabling chronic pain (women: OR = 3.7, 95% CI 2.0-7.0); p <.05 vs. men: OR = 4.7, 95% CI 95% CI 1.5-14.9); p < .05) were statistically significantly associated with a higher consumption of psychotropic drugs. Chronic pain may be related to the quantity of alcohol, tobacco, and psychotropic drugs consumed, and disability appears to be one of the factors that modulates this relationship.

Aim: To analyze the existing evidence on the contribution of the nursing profession to efficiency and healthcare sustainability in the hospital setting. Background: Promoting economic efficiency in hospital centers is a key factor in ensuring their long‐term sustainability. In this regard, nursing professionals with caregiving roles could emerge as valuable contributors to the survival of the existing hospital model. Design: A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. This review has been registered with PROSPERO under the registration number: CRD42023481140. Method: A search was conducted across four international databases (CINAHL, PubMed, Scopus, and WOS) from 2013 to the present for studies in English and Spanish. Primary studies on economic evaluations and systematic reviews were included. The study selection was carried out in three stages, with two reviewers independently analyzing the data and resolving disagreements through discussion and consensus. The quality assessment utilized the CASP tool, the CHEERS checklist, and the STROBE statement. Results: Out of 3058 records identified, nine were deemed eligible, comprising one longitudinal study, four descriptive studies, two systematic reviews, two randomized controlled trials, one cohort study, and two case‐control studies, with a total of 333,597 patients. The studies varied in sample size, intervention strategy, content, measurement scales, and statistical analysis of the primary outcome. The studies indicate that health education provided by hospitals is cost‐effective, potentially generating costs below 100,000 dollars per quality‐adjusted life year. Investing in nursing specialty, advanced practice nurses, and clinical safety reduces the number of admissions and decompensations. Conclusions: This review highlights that health education and clinical safety are the areas where nursing tasks have the most significant economic impact. Nursing specialty and the inclusion of advanced practice nurses are proving to be fields towards which health systems should focus to promote a more economically sustainable model.

Higher life expectancy has produced a higher older people porpulation, not necessarily with a consistent quality of life, showing a high rate of vulnerability and dependence. The current social and health crisis situation has highlighted the need to create new integrated models of care that could be translated into social and health policies. The present study aims to develop, test, and validate an innovative integrated care model for older people with dependence and at risk of social exclusion and their caregivers. The TEC-MED project participants are nine project partners and six associated partners, with geographic coverage from six countries in the Mediterranean basin, Spain, Tunisia, Italy, Lebanon, Egypt, and Greece. Project coordination will take place at three different levels, macro, meso and micro, through six work packages. The pilot phase uses qualitative-quantitative method to assess the impact of the TEC-MED project, it is expected to train 36 Training Agents, six per country, who apply to a total of 28,200 people (mainly elders and their caregivers). The study proposes a new social integrated care organizational model focused on the integration of social and health care, comprising the governance model; the organization structure and the skills profiles for the caring personnel.

The experience of chronic non-cancer pain differs between women and men due to gender-related factors. This study (1) assessed the difference in responses to the impact of chronic non-cancer pain on daily life in women and men using the PAIN_Integral Scale© and (2) evaluated its invariance through multigroup confirmatory factor analysis. This was conducted by means of an analysis of invariance through a multigroup confirmatory factor analysis. A cross-sectional sample of 400 participants over 18 years of age with Chronic Non-Oncological Pain in Pain Units and Primary Care Centres belonging to the Spanish Public Health System was recruited (January to March 2020). An analysis was performed to assess whether any of the items in the instrument showed different behaviours. All analyses were performed using AMOS^® v.26 software. The results showed that the structure of the PAIN_Integral© Scale remained adequate when analysing its invariance in women and men, showing no metric, scalar and/or strict invariance. Therefore, these results indicated that the PAIN_Integral Scale© instrument has a different interpretation for women and men, identifying eight items with a singular functioning in both sexes and belonging to the subscales of proactivity, resilience and support network. These findings can be explained by gender stereotypes, since the dimensions where there are differences have an important social burden.