Introduction: Child immunisation is a cost-effective strategy to reduce vaccine-preventable diseases. While effective coverage is key to ensuring quality immunisation, little is known about its geographical distribution in Ethiopia. This study aims to assess the spatial distribution of effective coverage of child immunisation and identify areas with low coverage to inform targeted interventions. Methods: We used the 2019 Ethiopia Mini Demographic and Health Survey and Ethiopia Service Provision Assessment datasets. After calculating the effective coverage of immunisation, Bayesian model-based geostatistics were employed to assess the spatial distribution of effective immunisation coverage in Ethiopia, using relevant covariates to estimate coverage rates across regions. Results: The national effective coverage of immunisation was 34% (95% CI: 31.9% to 36.5%), with significant regional variation. Addis Ababa, western Benishangul-Gumuz, Dire Dawa city administrative, the northern part of South West Ethiopia and the northwest part of Amhara had hotspots for high level of effective coverage of child immunisation. On the other hand, central Amhara, northern Gambela, central Oromia, Sidama, northern Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples regions (SNNPR) and Somali had low effective coverage of child immunisation. Travel time to the nearest city (−0.292: 95% CI:−0.533 to −0.052) was found to be negative predictor of spatial distribution. Conclusion: There were significant geographical variations in the effective coverage of immunisation services in Ethiopia. Travel time to nearest city was a significant predictor of spatial distribution. Policymakers are advised to prioritise underserved areas and improve spatial predictors to have a safe, effective and life-saving vaccination program in Ethiopia.

Background: Pelvic organ prolapse is an important public health issue that influences millions of women’s lives; through limitations on physical, social, and sexual activities as well as psychological distress. However, there were no reports on the quality of life for women with pelvic organ prolapse in Ethiopia. Therefore this study amid to assess the magnitude of quality of life and its associated factors among women who diagnosed with pelvic organ prolapse in Gynecology outpatient departments in Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples region public referral hospitals; Ethiopia. Method: An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples region of public referral hospitals from May 1-July 4, 2022 among 419 diagnosed women with pelvic organ prolapse. A validated tool was used to collect the data. The collected data were entered into Epidata version 3.1 and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression was computed. The p-value of < 0.05 was used to declare the final statistical significance. Result: A total of 409 women with pelvic organ prolapse were included in the study, giving a response rate of 97.6%. The overall poor quality of life was 57.5%. Regarding the quality of life domains; personal relationships (73.6%), were highly affected, and sleep/energy (24.2%) was the least affected domain. Stage III/IV prolapse (AOR = 2.52, 95% CI: 1.34, 4.74), menopause (AOR = 3.21, 95% CI 1.75, 5.97), unmarried women (widowed, divorced) (AOR = 2.81, 95% CI: 1.48, 5.32), and longer duration of prolapse (AOR = 5.8, 95% CI: 3.13, 10.81), were significantly associated with poor quality of life. Conclusion: More than half of women with pelvic organ prolapse had a poor quality of life. Stage III/IV prolapse, longer duration of prolapse, menopause women, and unmarried women are statistically significant factors for the quality of life of women with Pelvic organ prolapse.

Introduction: Female sexual dysfunction is commonly neglected, under-investigated, and under-treated in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence and its associated factors of female sexual dysfunction among reproductive-aged women at Gurage zone hospitals, in southern Ethiopia. Methods: An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 424 reproductive-age group women. A systematic random sampling method was employed and structured questionnaires were used to collect the data through a face-to-face interview. Data were entered into EpiData version 4.6 and analyzed by SPSS version 25.0. Descriptive statistics, and bivariable, and multivariable logistic regression were conducted. Statistical significance was declared at a p-value of < 0.05. Result: Four hundred two participants completed the interview with a response rate of 94.8%. Arousal dysfunction 91.0% and pain during sexual intercourse 39.3% were the most and the least prevalent domains of female sexual dysfunction respectively. Overall 32.1% of the respondents had female sexual dysfunction. Body mass index (AOR = 3.6; 95% CI: 1.2, 10.8), history of pelvic surgery (AOR = 3.5; 95% CI: 1.3, 9.2), marriage satisfaction (AOR = 3.9; 95% CI: 1.4, 1o.6), a satisfaction of spouses’ sex ability (AOR = 3.1; 95% CI: 1.2, 8.5), breastfeeding (AOR = 3.3; 95% CI: 1.6, 7.0), and mode of delivery [vaginal delivery with tear and episiotomy (AOR = 3.7; 95% CI: 1.6, 8.8), instrument assisted vaginal delivery (AOR = 7.0; 95% CI: 1.2, 39.8)], were statistically associated with female sexual dysfunction. All-encompassing professional counseling addressing psychological and interpersonal acts and weight management interventions are needed for couples to maintain sexual functioning.

Introduction: Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) remains a major global public health concern, especially in low-income countries like Ethiopia. Insufficient awareness about HIV/AIDS makes women vulnerable to infection. Notably, there is a disparity in the comprehensive HIV knowledge among reproductive-aged women in poorer and wealthier households. However, the contributing factors for wealth-related disparities in comprehensive knowledge of HIV among reproductive-aged women in Ethiopia have not been explored. Methods: We used the women's record (IR) of the 2016 Ethiopian demographic health survey. Erreygers normalized concentration index and curve were used to analyze the percentage contribution of factors in the comprehensive knowledge of HIV difference across wealth index. The concentration index was decomposed into contributing factors for poor comprehensive knowledge among poorer households. Results: A total of 14,599 reproductive-aged women were included in the analysis. The comprehensive knowledge of HIV was 14.75% and 29.33% in the poorest and wealthiest households, respectively. The weighted Erreygers normalized concentration index (ECI) was 0.11 with Standard error = 0.015 (P value < 0.05). Age (− 0.17%), residence (1.4%), education (26.2%), occupation (1.38%), region (0.61%), wealth index (30.8%), media exposure (13.4%), and internet access (0.67%) significantly contributed to the wealth-related inequalities. Conclusion: There was a pro-rich distribution of comprehensive knowledge of HIV among reproductive-age women in Ethiopia. Wealth, education, and media exposure were the major contributing factors to the wealth-related inequalities. Policymakers should prioritize media exposure and education, and work to improve the comprehensive knowledge of women in poorer households.

Background: The minor disorders of pregnancy are a series of commonly experienced disorders like nausea and vomiting, frequency of urination, heartburn, constipation, back pain, leg cramps, disturbance of sleep, and varicosities that mostly affect women during pregnancy. Across the world, due to a lack of self-management practice and less attention to minor disorders of pregnancy, pregnant women are exposed to major disorders of pregnancy, which have a negative impact on quality of life, and pregnancy outcomes. Most previous studies gave attention to the knowledge of minor pregnancy disorders and limited self-management practices of minor pregnancy disorders. Objective: To assess the self-management practice of minor pregnancy disorders and associated factors among pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic at Tulu Bolo General Hospital, Southwest Shewa, Ethiopia, 2022. Methods: An institutional-based cross-sectional study design was conducted from August 1 to September 30, 2022. Among 403, pregnant women were selected using a systematic random sampling technique. A structured and interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. Data were entered in Epi Data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS window version 26 for analysis. Bivariate and multivariable analyses were done to identify variables associated with the self-management practice of minor pregnancy disorder in the binary logistic regression model. A statistical significance was declared at P -value < .05. Finally, tables, graphs, and narration were used to present the data. Results: A 397 study participants were included with a response rate of 98.5%. This study revealed that 29.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 24%, 34%) of women had good self-management practices for minor pregnancy disorders. The age of the pregnant women (AOR = 4.4; 95% CI: 1.64, 11.60), household wealth status (AOR = 3.6; 95% CI: 1.68, 7.97), women's education status (AOR = 5.8; 95% CI: 2.16, 16.03) and (AOR = 4.11; 95% CI: 1.30, 12.97), women's occupation (AOR = 2.44; 95% CI: 1.09, 5.45), and knowledge on minor pregnancy disorders (AOR = 2.06; 95% CI: 1.12, 3.79) were identified as statistically significant factors. Conclusions and recommendations: These findings showed that 70.7% of pregnant women were found to have had a lack of good self-management practices for minor pregnancy disorders. Hence, counseling and enhancing their knowledge of self-management should be provided to pregnant women to enhance their awareness regarding self-management practices of minor pregnancy disorders.

Hepatitis B virus is a highly contagious virus and a significant public health issue globally. Its prevalence among the general and prenatal populations indicates its endemicity in Ethiopia. Mother-to-child transmission is a key route of transmission, and preventing this is crucial to controlling the spread of HBV. Effective prevention requires sufficient knowledge and a positive attitude toward HBV and its modes of transmission. However, research on pregnant women’s knowledge and attitudes regarding mother-to-child transmission of HBV in Ethiopia is limited. To assess pregnant women’s knowledge, attitudes, and associated factors regarding vertical transmission of HBV among women attending the ANC clinic at Gurage Zone Hospitals, Central Ethiopia. An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 419 pregnant women attending antenatal care at Atat Hospital from January to March 2024. A systematic sampling technique was used, and data were collected through a pre-tested, structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire. The data were entered into Epi Data 4.6 and analyzed using SPSS 26. Binary logistic regression was used to determine associations between the outcome and explanatory variables, with a P value < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Of the 414 participants (98% response rate), 80.7% were not knowledgeable about the vertical transmission of HBV, and 77.1% had a favorable attitude toward the vertical transmission of HBV. Factors associated with knowledge included urban residence (AOR 8.7, 95% CI 4.3, 17.64), being single (AOR 5.6, 95% CI 1.17, 27.4), and educational level (AOR 6.8, 95% CI 2.4, 19.1). Attitude was associated with) urban residence (AOR 4.9, 95% CI 2.1, 11.3), being single (AOR 5, 95% CI 1.17–27.39), income of 2000–4000 ETB (AOR 17.3, 95% CI 5.0–60.03), and primigravidity (AOR 17.8, 95% CI 5.6–56.6). Residence was associated with both knowledge and attitude. Overall knowledge of vertical transmission of HBV was poor, and attitudes toward transmission, screening, and vaccination were generally positive. Residence, being single, educational level, and monthly income were significantly associated with knowledge and attitude. There is a need for enhanced education and awareness-creation programs on HBV transmission and prevention in this population.