A Zr-based metal–organic framework (MOF-801) with high thermal and chemical stability was prepared by the solvothermal synthesis method. Notably, MOF-801 exhibits a high separation selectivity for C₃H₈/CH₄ and C₂H₆/CH₄, making it a practical material for the storage and purification of light alkanes.

The utilization of renewable energy for hydrogen production presents a promising pathway towards achieving carbon neutrality in energy consumption. Water electrolysis, utilizing pure water, has proven to be a robust technology for clean hydrogen production. Recently, seawater electrolysis has emerged as an attractive alternative due to the limitations of deep-sea regions imposed by the transmission capacity of long-distance undersea cables. However, seawater electrolysis faces several challenges, including the slow kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), the competing chlorine evolution reaction (CER) processes, electrode degradation caused by chloride ions, and the formation of precipitates on the cathode. The electrode and catalyst materials are corroded by the Cl⁻ under long-term operations. Numerous efforts have been made to address these issues arising from impurities in the seawater. This review focuses on recent progress in developing high-performance electrodes and electrolyser designs for efficient seawater electrolysis. Its aim is to provide a systematic and insightful introduction and discussion on seawater electrolysers and electrodes with the hope of promoting the utilization of offshore renewable energy sources through seawater electrolysis.

Saline water electrolysis presents a promising pathway for green hydrogen production by leveraging abundant saline water resources instead of scarce freshwater. However, the presence of highly corrosive chloride ions (Cl ⁻ ) severely undermines anode durability. This instability arises from two main issues: (i) penetration of Cl ⁻ through catalyst layers to the underlying substrate and (ii) degradation of active catalytic sites due to Cl ⁻ attack. To tackle both issues simultaneously, we introduce ruthenium (Ru) ions as a dual-function stabilizing agent in NiFe-based anodes. Our results show that Ru incorporation promotes the formation of a protective surface layer enriched with Ru atoms, along with a denser NiFeOOH catalyst structure, which collectively inhibit Cl ^– infiltration. Moreover, atomically dispersed ruthenium (Ru _SA ) within the NiFeOOH matrix effectively mitigates Cl ^– -induced corrosion of active sites. Thanks to this dual stabilization effect, the resulting Ru _SA -NiFeOOH/Ni anode exhibits exceptional operational stability—over 2000 h at an industrial current density of 0.5 A cm ⁻² in a chloride-enriched alkaline medium (1 M KOH + 2 M NaCl)—setting a new benchmark for performance under such aggressive conditions. This study establishes a robust dual stabilization strategy that significantly enhances anode stability in saline water electrolysis.

Water electrolysis is currently a major technique to produce clean hydrogen, which is regarded as a promising and sustainable energy carrier. The efficiency of water electrolysis is highly dependent on the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) on the anode. The evaluation of an OER electrocatalyst is frequently carried out on a three-electrode system in a container of electrolyte. Herein, we found that the electrode positions in the electrolyte container could significantly affect the data acquisition of OER performance. After a detailed investigation, we reveal that the difference of the OER activity of an electrocatalyst at a different position is originated from their different iR_u drop and the gas diffusion resistance. For the first time, this work evokes concerns on the accurate evaluation of electrocatalysts regarding the electrode position. For fair comparisons and reliable results, it is strongly suggested to keep the electrode position unchanged in the electrochemical measurements. In addition, the establishment of a standard electrolyzer setup for electrocatalysis evaluation in the electrochemical community is also called for.