Urethane acrylate (UA) was synthesized from various di-polyols, such as poly(tetrahydrofuran) (PTMG, Mn = 1000), poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG, Mn = 1000), and poly(propylene glycol) (PPG, Mn = 1000), for use as a polymer binder for paint. Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and UA were blended to form an acrylic resin with high transmittance and stress-strain curve. When PMMA was blended with UA, a network structure was formed due to physical entanglement between the two polymers, increasing the mechanical properties. UA was synthesized by forming a prepolymer using di-polyol and hexamethylene diisocyanate, which were chain structure monomers, and capping them with 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate to provide an acryl group. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to observe the changes in functional groups, and gel permeation chromatography was used to confirm that the three series showed similar molecular weight and PDI values. The yellowing phenomenon that appears mainly in the curing reaction of the polymer binder was solved, and the mechanical properties according to the effects of the polyol used in the main chain were compared. The content of the blended UA was quantified using ultravioletvisible spectroscopy at a wavelength of 370 nm based on 5, 10, 15, and 20 wt%, and the shear strength and tensile strength were evaluated using specimens in a suitable mode. The ratio for producing the polymer binder was optimized. The mechanical properties of the polymer binder with 5–10 wt% UA were improved in all series.

A structural adhesive series of biomass-based polyurethane (Biomass-PU) is synthesized using polypropylene glycol (PPG2000), isosorbide-based polyol (RPO300) as polyols, isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) as an isocyanate and 4-tert-butylphenol (BP) as a capping agent. Three different equivalent ratios of PPG2000/RPO300, 9/1 (Biomass-PU1), 7/3 (Biomass-PU2), and 1/1 (Biomass-PU3), are evaluated to determine the effect of isosorbide-based polyol content on the properties and the optimizing formulation of biomass-PU structure adhesive. The 9/1 ratio of PPG2000/RPO300 substantially leads to the improvement of impact strength by up to 35 MPa, and the PPG2000/RPO300 = 9/1 ratio exhibits better thermal properties and impact strength than those of other ratios. To achieve more compatibility between biomass-PU structure adhesive and core–shell rubber (CSR) toughener, novel CSRs are successfully synthesized using acryl-PU as a shell and biomass-based PU as a core. The chemical structure of biomass-PU structure adhesives is analyzed through FT-IR Spectroscopy and NCO% titration. Thermal properties are evaluated using TGA and DSC analysis. Their molecular weights are measured by GPC. Also, the core–shell rubber (CSR) with a polyurethane shell is prepared to reinforce the impact strength of Biomass-PU structure adhesive.

A series of isosorbide-based thermoplastic polyurethanes (ISB-TPUs) with different soft/hard ratios have been successfully step polymerized using individual two types of polycaprolactone diol (PCL) or poly (tetramethylene glycol) (PTMG) for soft segment and bio-based isosorbide (ISB) or methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) for hard segment, based on the similar molecular weight. The effect of the molecular structure on the mechanical and thermal properties has been evaluated in terms of the types of soft/hard and polyol, ranging from 6/4 to 9/1 ratio values. With the increasing of PCL content, the thermal properties of the ISB-TPU have enhanced gradually. When the range from PCL was 6/4, the tensile strength has achieved the maximum value in comparison with that of the PTMG block. Elongation at break has increased with the increase of hard segment concentration, due to the superior interaction between ester groups and urethane groups. The obtained ISB-TPUs can be a promising resin for soft, flexible, and biocompatible application fields.

Triol acrylic-urethane (t-AU) was synthesized from an addition reaction using trimethylolpropane, hexamethylene diisocyanate, and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate. The novel acrylic-urethane polymer was applied to a high-performance binder to prepare a reliable road marking paint. Acrylic-urethane polymer binder formulations were designed to optimize the effect of t-AU on the physical properties. The t-AU content in the formulation affected the adhesion and optical properties. The improvement in the adhesive performance and transparency ability for road markings was attributed to the optimal chemical structure or design of the acrylic-urethane polymer. The synthesis of t-AU was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and molecular weight and polydispersity index (PDI; PDI = M_w/M_n) measurements. The tensile and shear strength, hardness, gel fraction, crosslink density, contact angle, and transmittance of the acrylic-urethane polymer binder (AUP) were evaluated by curing at room temperature using a redox initiator system. An optimized AUP by adding 5 wt.% t-AU provides a viable alternative to high-performance binders in road marking paints.