Ainur Akhmetova

Dr. Ainur Akhmetova


Research Focus & Metrics

Academic Career Length

4Years (2023-Present)

(Calculated once Scilit publication data is synced: current year − year of first publication + 1)

Representative Publications

View All Publications
17 February 2024 in Nutrients
Verified
Journal Article
Open access
PDF file
DYDauren Yerezhepov
Dauren Yerezhepov
AGAidana Gabdulkayum
Aidana Gabdulkayum
AAAinur Akhmetova
Ainur Akhmetova
UKUlan Kozhamkulov
Ulan Kozhamkulov
SRSaule Rakhimova
Saule Rakhimova
AAAinur Rakhmetulovna Akilzhanova
Ainur Rakhmetulovna Akilzhanova
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) and vitamin D deficiency remain major public health problems in Kazakhstan. Due to the high incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in the country and based on the importance of vitamin D in the modulation of the immune response and the association of its deficiency with many health conditions, the aim of our research was to study the vitamin D status, VDR and TLR gene polymorphisms, and pulmonary tuberculosis epidemiology in Kazakhstan. Methods: A case-control study included 411 individuals diagnosed with pulmonary TB and 686 controls with no family history of pulmonary tuberculosis. Concentrations of serum vitamin D (25-(OH)D) levels were measured by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. The gene polymorphisms were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) allelic discrimination assay using TaqMan probes. The association between the risk of pulmonary TB and polymorphisms was evaluated using multimodal logistic regression and assessed with the ORs, corresponding to 95% Cis, and the significance level was determined as p < 0.05. Results: 1097 individuals were recruited from 3 different regions of Kazakhstan. Biochemical data showed vitamin D deficiency (25-(OH)D < 20 ng/mL) was present in both groups, with the case group accounting for almost 95% and 43.7% in controls. Epidemiological data revealed that socioeconomic factors such as BMI < 25 kg/m2 (p < 0.001), employment (p < 0.001), diabetes (p < 0.001), and vitamin D deficiency (p < 0.001) were statistically different between case and control groups. Logistic regression analysis, adjusted by sex, age, BMI, residence, employment, smoking, alcohol consumption, and diabetes, showed that T/T polymorphism of the VDR gene (rs1544410, OR = 1.97, 95% CI: 1.04–3.72, p = 0.03) and A/A polymorphism of the TLR8 gene (rs3764880, OR = 2.44, 95% CI: 1.20–4.98, p = 0.01) were associated with a high risk of developing pulmonary tuberculosis. Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency remains prevalent in our study cohort and is associated with TB progression. Socioeconomic determinants such as unemployment, BMI under 25 kg/m2, and diabetes are the main risk factors for the development of pulmonary TB in our study. A/A polymorphism of TLR8 (rs3764880) and T/T polymorphism (BsmI, rs1544410) of VDR genes may act as biomarkers for pulmonary tuberculosis in the Kazakh population.

8 June 2023 in Diagnostics
Verified
Journal Article
Open access
PDF file
ADAsset Daniyarov
Asset Daniyarov
AAAinur Akhmetova
Ainur Akhmetova
SRSaule Rakhimova
Saule Rakhimova
ZAZhannur Abilova
Zhannur Abilova
DYDauren Yerezhepov
Dauren Yerezhepov
UKUlan Kozhamkulov
Ulan Kozhamkulov
Background: Kazakhstan has a high burden of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in the Central Asian region. This study aimed to perform genomic characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains obtained from Kazakhstani patients with pre-extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis diagnosed in Kazakhstan. Methods: Whole-genome sequencing was performed on 10 pre-extensively drug-resistant M. tuberculosis strains from different regions of Kazakhstan. All strains had high-confidence resistance mutations according to the resistance grading system previously established by the World Health Organization. The genome analysis was performed using TB-Profiler, Mykrobe, CASTB, and ResFinder. Results: Valuable information for understanding the genetic diversity of tuberculosis in Kazakhstan can also be obtained from whole-genome sequencing. The results from the Phenotypic Drug Susceptibility Testing (DST) of bacterial strains were found to be consistent with the drug resistance information obtained from genomic data that characterized all isolates as pre-XDR. This information can help in developing targeted prevention and control strategies based on the local epidemiology of tuberculosis. Furthermore, the data obtained from whole-genome sequencing can help in tracing the transmission pathways of tuberculosis and facilitating early detection of outbreaks. Conclusions: The results from whole-genome sequencing of tuberculosis clinical samples in Kazakhstan provide important insights into the drug resistance patterns and genetic diversity of tuberculosis in the country. These results can contribute to the improvement of tuberculosis control and management programs in Kazakhstan.

20 December 2023 in Antibiotics
Verified
Journal Article
Open access
PDF file
AAAinur Akhmetova
Ainur Akhmetova
VBVenera Bismilda
Venera Bismilda
LCLyailya Chingissova
Lyailya Chingissova
Maksim Leonidovich FilipenkoMaksim Leonidovich Filipenko
Maksim Leonidovich Filipenko
AAAinur Rakhmetulovna Akilzhanova
Ainur Rakhmetulovna Akilzhanova
UKUlan Kozhamkulov
Ulan Kozhamkulov
The Beijing genotype is the most distributed M. tuberculosis family in Kazakhstan. In this study, we identified dominant Beijing clusters in Kazakhstan and assessed their drug susceptibility profiles and association with the most widely spread mutation Ser531Leu of the rpoB gene and the mutation Ser315Thr of the katG gene associated with resistance to rifampicin and isoniazid, respectively. M. tuberculosis isolates (n = 540) from new TB cases were included in the study. MIRU-VNTR genotyping was performed for 540 clinical isolates to determine M. tuberculosis families using 24 loci. RD analysis was additionally performed for the Beijing isolates. The identification of mutations in the drug-resistance genes of M. tuberculosis was performed with allele-specific real-time PCR and Sanger sequencing. The Beijing genotype was identified in 60% (324/540) of the clinical isolates. Central Asian/Russian cluster 94-32 was the most distributed cluster among the Beijing isolates (50.3%; 163/324). Three other dominant Beijing clusters were identified as 94-33 (3.4%; 11/324), 100-32 (3.1%; 10/324) and 99-32 (3.1%; 10/324). The Beijing genotype was associated with drug-resistant TB (p < 0.0001), including multidrug-resistant TB (p < 0.0001), in our study. An association of the mutation Ser531Leu of the rpoB gene with the Beijing genotype was found (p < 0.0001; OR = 16.0000; 95%CI: 4.9161–52.0740). Among the Beijing isolates, cluster 94-32 showed an association with MDR-TB (p = 0.021). This is why the evaluation of the Beijing genotype and its clusters is needed to control MDR-TB in Kazakhstan.

Verified
Journal Article
Open access
PDF file
ACAyaulym Chamoieva
Ayaulym Chamoieva
SRSaule Rakhimova
Saule Rakhimova
ZAZhannur Abilova
Zhannur Abilova
AAAinur Akhmetova
Ainur Akhmetova
GAGulbanu Akilzhanova
Gulbanu Akilzhanova
AAAinur Rakhmetulovna Akilzhanova
Ainur Rakhmetulovna Akilzhanova
Background/Objectives: Cardiac arrhythmias are among the leading causes of sudden cardiac death (SCD). Pathogenic variants in potassium channel genes play a key role in inherited arrhythmia syndromes, yet their contribution in Central Asian populations remains poorly characterized. Methods: We performed targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) using a 96-gene custom Haloplex panel in 79 Kazakhstani patients with clinically diagnosed arrhythmias, including atrioventricular block, sick sinus syndrome, and atrial fibrillation. Detected variants in potassium channel genes were classified according to ACMG guidelines and correlated with clinical phenotypes. Results: A total of 52 variants were identified across 11 potassium channel genes. Two likely pathogenic variants (KCNH2 p.Cys66Gly and p.Arg176Trp) and six variants of uncertain significance (VUS) in KCNQ1, KCNE2, KCNE3, and KCNJ8 were detected. Two novel previously unreported variants were found in KCNE5 and KCND3. Patients harboring pathogenic variants commonly presented with early-onset arrhythmias or a positive family history of cardiovascular disease. Carriers of KCNH2 variants exhibited mild QT prolongation and recurrent syncope. Conclusions: This is the first genetic study of potassium channel gene mutations in Kazakhstani patients with cardiac arrhythmias. The detection of pathogenic and novel variants highlights the clinical utility of integrating genetic testing into diagnostic and management pathways for arrhythmia syndromes. Population-specific genomic data are essential for improving risk stratification, guiding medication safety, and enabling cascade family screening in Central Asia.

14 April 2023 in Vestnik
Verified
Journal Article
Closed access
AAAinur Akhmetova
Ainur Akhmetova
ЖАЖ.м. Абилова
Ж.м. Абилова
ГЖГ.н. Жарылқасын
Г.н. Жарылқасын
AAAinur Rakhmetulovna Akilzhanova
Ainur Rakhmetulovna Akilzhanova
UKUlan Kozhamkulov
Ulan Kozhamkulov
Лекарственно-устойчивый туберкулез остается актуальной проблемой в здравоохранении Казахстана. Казахстан одна из стран в мире с высоким количеством мультирезистентного туберкулеза, характеризующегося устойчивостью к основным антибиотикам первого ряда – рифампицину и изониазиду. Цель данной работы: определить биологическое разнообразие и охарактеризовать мутации в rpoB гене рифампицин-устойчивых клинических изолятов M. tuberculosis из Казахстана. В данной работе от больных с легочным туберкулезом было собрано 115 клинических изолятов M. tuberculosis, устойчивых к противотуберкулезному препарату первого ряда - рифампицину. Генотипирование всех 115 рифампицин-резистентных изолятов было проведено методом MIRU-VNTRс использованием 15 локусов. ДНК-секвенирование RRDR региона rpoB гена всех 115 рифампицин-устойчивых образцов M. tuberculosis было выполнено на секвенаторе ABI 3730 DNA Analyzer (Applied Biosystems). Согласно результатам MIRU-VNTR генотипирования, 86,1% образцов среди рифампицин-устойчивых изолятов были отнесены к семейству Beijing M. tuberculosis. Анализ нуклеотидных последовательностей всех устойчивых к рифампицину изолятов показал преобладание мутации в 531 кодоне rpoB гена с аминокислотной заменой серина на лейцин Ser531Leu в 82,6% случаев. В данной работе семейство Beijing M. tuberculosis было ассоциировано с мутацией Ser531Leu в 531 кодоне гена (p<0.0001), а генотип LAM M. tuberculosis был связан с мутацией His526Leu в 526 кодоне гена (p<0.0001). Дәріге-төзімді туберкулез Қазақстанның денсаулық сақтау саласында өзекті мәселе болып қалуда. Қазақстан бірінші қатардағы негізгі антибиотиктерге – рифампицин мен изониазидке төзімділікпен сипатталатын мультирезистентті туберкулез көрсеткіші жоғары мемлекеттердің бірі. Зерттеу жұмысының мақсаты: Қазақстанда таралған рифампицинге-төзімді M. tuberculosis клиникалық изоляттарының rpoB генінде мутацияларды сипаттау және олардың биотүрлігін анықтау. Аталған зерттеу жұмысында өкпе туберкулезі науқастарынан туберкулезге қарсы бірінші қатардағы препарат – рифампицинге төзімді 115 M. tuberculosis клиникалық изоляттары жиналды. Барлық 115 рифампицинге резистентті изоляттар MIRU-VNTR әдісімен 15 локус бойынша генотиптелді. 115 рифампицинге-төзімді M. tuberculosisүлгілерінің rpoB генінің RRDR аймағын ДНҚ-секвенирлеу ABI 3730 DNA Analyzer (Applied Biosystems) секвенаторында өткізілді. MIRU-VNTR генотиптеу нәтижелеріне сәйкес, рифампицин-төзімді изоляттардың арасында 86,1% жағдайында үлгілер Beijing M. tuberculosisтұқымдасына жатты. Рифампицинге төзімділігі бар барлық изоляттардың нуклеотидтік тізбектерінің анализі 82,6% жағдайында rpoB генінің 531 кодонында сериннің лейцинге аминқышқылдық алмасуы бар Ser531Leu мутациясының басымдылығын көрсетті. Біздің жұмысымызда Beijing M. tuberculosis тұқымдасы геннің 531 кодонындағы Ser531Leu мутациясымен ассоциацияланды (p<0.0001), ал LAM M. tuberculosis тұқымдасы геннің 526 кодонындағы His526Leu мутациясымен байланысты (p<0.0001) болды. Drug-resistant tuberculosis remains one of major health problems in Healthcare system of Kazakhstan. Kazakhstan is one of countries with high quantity of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis chracterized by resistance to the main antibiotics used to cure tuberculosis – rifampicin and izoniazid. Aim of this study is to detect biodiversity and characterize mutations in rpoB gene of rifampicin-resistant M. tuberculosis clinical isolates from Kazakhstan. In this work, 115 M. tuberculosis clinical isolates resistant to the first line antibiotic – rifampicin were gathered from patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Genotyping of 115 rifampicin-resistant isolates was performed by MIRU-VNTR method using 15 loci. DNA sequencing of RRDR region of rpoB gene of 115 rifampicin-resistant isolates of M. tuberculosis was done on ABI 3730 DNA Analyzer (Applied Biosystems). According to the MIRU-VNTR genotyping...

19 October 2022 in Vestnik
Verified
Journal Article
Open access
AAAinur Akhmetova
Ainur Akhmetova
ACAyaulym Chamoieva
Ayaulym Chamoieva
DKDiana Kurmangali
Diana Kurmangali
AAAinur Rakhmetulovna Akilzhanova
Ainur Rakhmetulovna Akilzhanova
UKUlan Kozhamkulov
Ulan Kozhamkulov
Қазақстанда туберкулез мәселесі әлі күнге дейін өзекті болып қалуда. Жылдан жылға дәріге-төзімді туберкулез формаларымен ауру деңгейінің жоғарылауы – аталған аурумен күресте негізгі мәселелердің бірі. Қазақстан дүниежүзінде туберкулезге қарсы қолданылатын ең тиімді бірінші қатардағы препараттар – изониазид пен рифампицинмен ассоциацияланған көптік дәріге төзімді туберкулез көрсеткіштері жоғары отыз мемлекеттер қатарына кіреді. Жұмыстың мақсаты MIRU-VNTR әдісін пайдалана отырып, Қазақстанда таралған туберкулездің қайталанған жағдайларының арасында M. tuberculosis клиникалық изоляттарының биологиялық әртүрлілігін бағалау болып табылады. Аталған зерттеу жұмысында рецидивтердің арасында 79 M. tuberculosis клиникалық изоляттары жиналды. M. tuberculosis клиникалық үлгілерін генотиптеу 12 MIRU локустары бойынша өткізілді. Барлық 12 локустың ПТР-амплификациясы реакцияға 5М бетаин қосу арқылы жүзеге асырылды. ПТР-өнімдері бромистік этидиймен боялған 1,5% агароздық гельде бөлінді. Содан кейін MIRU локустарындағы қайталанулар саны есептелді және әрбір M. tuberculosis клиникалық изолятына 12 саннан тұратын сандық профиль алынды. Жиналған M. tuberculosis клиникалық изоляттарының тұқымдастары MIRU-VNTRplus.org мәліметтер базасы көмегімен анықталды. Генотиптеу нәтижелері қайталанылған туберкулез жағдайларының арасында 88,6% (n=70) изоляттар Beijing тұқымдасына жататынын көрсетті. В Казахстане проблема туберкулеза остается актуальной. С каждым годом увеличивается уровень заболеваемости лекарственно-устойчивыми формами туберкулеза, что является главной преградой в борьбе с данным заболеванием. Казахстан является одной из тридцати стран в мире с высоким показателем туберкулеза с множественной лекарственной устойчивостью ассоциированного с лекарственной устойчивостью к самым эффективным противотуберкулезным препаратам первого ряда – изониазиду и рифампицину. Цель данной работы заключается в оценке биологического разнообразия клинических изолятов M. tuberculosis среди рецидивов в Казахстане с использованием MIRU-VNTR метода. В данном исследовании было собрано 79 клинических образцов M. tuberculosis среди повторных случаев туберкулеза из разных областей Казахстана. Генотипирование собранных клинических изолятов было проведено по 12 MIRUлокусам. ПЦР-амплификация всех 12 локусов была выполнена с добавлением в реакцию 5М бетаина. Разделение ПЦР-продуктов было проведено на 1,5% агарозном геле. Далее проводился подсчет тандемных повторов в MIRU локусах и был получен 12-ти значный цифровой профиль для каждого образца. M. tuberculosisсемейства собранных клинических изолятов были определены с помощью базы данных MIRU-VNTRplus.org. Результаты генотипирования показали, что 88,6% (n=70) изолятов среди рецидивов были отнесены к семейству Beijing. Tuberculosis still remains one of the important health issues in Kazakhstan. Extension of the incidence of drug-resistant forms every year is the main obstacle in the fight against the disease. Kazakhstan is one of the thirty countries on the planet with high rates of mulridrug-resistant tuberculosis associated with resistance to the most effective first-line antituberculosis drugs – isoniazid and rifampicin. Aim of this research is to evaluate biological diversity of clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis among recurrent tuberculosis cases in Kazakhstan by MIRU-VNTR method. 79 clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis were gathered from the patients with recurrent tuberculosis. Genotyping of the clinical samples was conducted by 12 MIRU loci. PCR amplification of 12 loci was done by addition of 5M betaine solution. PCR products were visualized on 1,5% agarose gel. Tandem repeats in the loci were calculated and the digital profile for every sample was obtained. M. tuberculosis families of the gathered clinical isolates were determined using...