Coronavirus disease‐19 (COVID‐19) vaccines are massively administered globally and some adverse events, such as myocarditis, are being reported. Most of the reported cases of post‐vaccination myocarditis have occurred following mRNA vaccinations. However, there have also been recent reports of myocarditis following adenovirus vector vaccinations. We present a case of a 32‐year‐old female patient who developed myocarditis following the administration of the first dose of the AstraZeneca vaccine. The patient developed inappropriate exertional tachycardia and exertional dyspnea from Day 3 and was diagnosed with myocarditis by subsequent echocardiography about 3 months later. We are unable to confirm a direct association between myocarditis and AstraZeneca vaccination. However, we would like to increase awareness regarding the possibility of developing myocarditis following AstraZeneca vaccination.

Following the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, millions of people around the world have been affected with SARS-CoV-2 infection. In addition to the typical symptoms, thrombotic events, lymphopenia, and thrombocytopenia have been reported in COVID-19 patients. Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is one of the thrombotic events that occur in some COVID-19 patients. Hyperinflammation, cytokine storms, and immune dysregulation in some patients are the cause to the main COVID-19 complications such as ALI (acute lung injury), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and multiple organ failure. Disruption in the differentiation of T-cells, enhanced differentiation of Th17 and Th1, cell death (pyroptosis), hyper-inflammation and dysfunction of inflammatory neutrophils and macrophages, and hyperactivity of NLRP3-inflammasome are among the important factors that may be the cause to COVID-19-induced ITP. This study aimed to give an overview of the findings on the immunopathogenesis of ITP and COVID-19-induced ITP. Further studies are required to better understand the exact immunopathogenesis and effective treatments for ITP, especially in inflammatory disorders.

Introduction: Childhood cancers are usually treated with chemotherapy and radiation. Therefore, understanding the late side effects of such treatments is important to improve the quality of life in childhood cancer survivors. The present study aimed to investigate the late complications of treatments in childhood cancer survivors. Methods: This study is a retrospective descriptive study. A total number of 93 cases were enrolled in this study. These cases had a history of childhood cancer documented in their medical records at the Shafa Hospital, Ahvaz, Iran. The age range was 5.9–21.3 years and included 62 males and 31 female patients. Results: Many of the patients at this hospital with childhood cancer had experienced chemotherapy side effects as well as late effects of cancer therapy. Hypothyroidism is a late complication of therapy in thoracic cancers and head/neck tumors with relative frequencies of 23.1% and 12.5%, respectively. Scoliosis was observed in the patients undergoing the ABVD + COPP and 8/1 regimens with relative frequencies of 4% and 50%, respectively. Lower growth percentiles were also late side effects of cancer therapy. The highest relative frequency of growth retardation was observed in the <5 age group (46.7%). Restrictive lung changes had an overall relative frequency of 6.5% in male patients with all types of tumors. Sensorineural hearing loss was observed in patients with leukemia and Hodgkin lymphoma with relative frequencies of 8.7% and 24.0, respectively. Conclusion: The occurrence of most side effects could be decreased through early diagnosis, dose adjustment of some drugs, and preventative measures.

COVID-19 (novel coronavirus disease 2019), caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has various clinical manifestations and several pathogenic pathways. Although several therapeutic options have been used to control COVID-19, none of these medications have been proven to be a definitive cure. Transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) is a protease that has a key role in the entry of SARS-CoV-2 into host cells. Following the binding of the viral spike (S) protein to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors of the host cells, TMPRSS2 processes and activates the S protein on the epithelial cells. As a result, the membranes of the virus and host cell fuse. Bromhexine is a specific TMPRSS2 inhibitor that potentially inhibits the infectivity cycle of SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, several clinical trials are evaluating the efficacy of bromhexine in COVID-19 patients. The findings of these studies have shown that bromhexine is effective in improving the clinical outcomes of COVID-19 and has prophylactic effects by inhibiting TMPRSS2 and viral penetration into the host cells. Bromhexine alone cannot cure all of the symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, it could be an effective addition to control and prevent the disease progression along with other drugs that are used to treat COVID-19. Further studies are required to investigate the efficacy of bromhexine in COVID-19.

Objective: To review the reported cases of kidney injury following vaccination for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with a focus on renal pathology. Methods: We searched for case reports of kidney complications after COVID-19 vaccine in PubMed. Results: A total of 36 articles including 49 case reports were reported. These included minimal change disease (n=17), IgA nephropathy (IgAN) (n=15), IgA nephritis/vasculitis (n=5), ANCA glomerulonephritis/vasculitis (n=5), anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) nephritis (n=2), and 1 case of each granulomatous vasculitis, acute tubulointerstitial nephritis, scleroderma renal crisis, IgG4-related disease nephritis, and primary membranous nephropathy (MN). Conclusion: We give an overview of the reported cases of post-COVID-19 renal complications. Further investigations of the underlying pathogenesis of post-COVID-19 vaccination renal adverse events are required, as prompt workup, diagnosis, and treatment of patients with renal complications may lead to complete remission, prevent kidney failure, and long-term complications such as end-stage renal disease (ESRD). However, these complications are overall extremely rare and the benefit of vaccination outweighs the potential risks.

Subcutaneous panniculitis‐like T‐cell lymphoma is a rare and highly malignant extra‐nodal lymphoma. It has a wide range of clinical presentations (such as periorbital swelling as in our case) and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus, especially in children.