The swift progression of nanotechnology has transformed the food and dairy industries through the facilitation of functional foods, nutraceuticals, and antimicrobial systems. This review examines the environmentally friendly synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) through the utilization of microorganisms, offering a sustainable and biocompatible alternative to traditional physical and chemical approaches. This study primarily aims to investigate the contemporary trends, mechanisms, and microbial species associated with NP biosynthesis, as well as to evaluate NPs’ techno-functional applications in food and dairy processing. The specific objectives encompass analysis of the synthesis pathways—both intracellular and extracellular—utilized by bacteria, fungi, yeasts, and algae. Additionally, an evaluation of the physicochemical properties and biological activities (including antibacterial, antioxidant, and antifungal effects) of synthesized NPs will be conducted, alongside the identification of their potential applications in food preservation, packaging, and fortification. The review emphasizes notable advancements in laboratory-scale applications, especially concerning yogurt fortification, biofilm suppression, and antimicrobial food coatings. Nonetheless, commercial application is constrained by issues related to scalability, purification, stability, regulatory adherence, and toxicity evaluation. Future investigations ought to focus on enhancing bioreactor systems, leveraging microbial consortia, utilizing food and agricultural waste as substrates, and implementing omics technologies to elucidate biosynthetic mechanisms. Furthermore, the standardization of synthesis protocols and the improvement of regulatory frameworks will be crucial in closing the divide between experimental achievements and NPs’ application in industry. In a nutshell, the microbial-mediated green synthesis of NPs offers a promising pathway for the advancement of safe, sustainable, and functional innovations within the food and dairy sectors.

Tribal women entrepreneurship has gained significant attention in recent years as a means to empower women from indigenous communities and foster sustainable development within their societies. However, with the recognition of their unique skills, knowledge, and cultural heritage, tribal women are increasingly embracing entrepreneurship as a pathway to economic self-sufficiency and empowerment. Our research analysed bibliometric data from 2002 to 2023 to see how the field of study on tribal women entrepreneurs has evolved. This study looked at a wide range of factors, including publication details, authorship details, country of origin, and author-related keywords. The R studio Bibliometrix programme was used to make the visuals. The annual output of publications increased by 9.82% after the COVID-19 pandemic, and there was a notable increase in the number of publications on tribal women entrepreneurship. Possible causes include supportive technological development, a thriving environment for new businesses, and government initiatives. India and the United States have produced the most comprehensive studies of entrepreneurship followed by the United Kingdom, but researchers from all over the world have worked together on similar projects. This study has shown that there has been a significant increase in entrepreneurial research activity, as well as demonstrating the breadth and interdisciplinary character of this research. However, more work needs to be carried out to bring together scholars from different fields to examine how different organisations have impacted the study of tribal women entrepreneurs.