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Prof. Chen-Tung Chen
Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan

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0 Carbon Cycle
0 ocean acidification
0 Land-ocean interactions
0 Material fluxes
0 Marginal seas

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Journal article
Published: 08 July 2021 in Sustainability
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Based on the International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships’ Ballast Water and Sediments (the Ballast Water Management Convention, or BWM Convention) of the International Maritime Organization, from 8 September 2017, all ships must have an approved Ballast Water Management Treatment System (BWTS) to prevent the invasion of alien species through the discharge of ballast. Generally speaking, the need for an approved BWTS is limited to large vessels, as they are too large or too expensive for small vessels to install. This study aims to propose a simple ballast-free approach for small vessels (e.g., tugs, workboats, research vessels) that require ballast to compensate for the weight loss of fuel when sailing. Our approach involves refitting the dedicated ballast tank of these small vessels to be drinking water tanks and filling the tanks with onboard-generated distilled or reverse osmosis water to adjust the stability of the ships. We assessed our approach using three vessels. Two ships using our proposed method were certified by the American Bureau of Shipping as containing no ballast water tank, and not being subject to the BWM Convention. This study provides an environmentally harmless, easy to use, and economical approach for small vessels to comply with the BWM Convention.

ACS Style

Kun-Tu Lu; Hon-Kit Lui; Chen-Tung Chen; Li-Lian Liu; Lei Yang; Cheng-Di Dong; Chiu-Wen Chen. Using Onboard-Produced Drinking Water to Achieve Ballast-Free Management. Sustainability 2021, 13, 7648 .

AMA Style

Kun-Tu Lu, Hon-Kit Lui, Chen-Tung Chen, Li-Lian Liu, Lei Yang, Cheng-Di Dong, Chiu-Wen Chen. Using Onboard-Produced Drinking Water to Achieve Ballast-Free Management. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (14):7648.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kun-Tu Lu; Hon-Kit Lui; Chen-Tung Chen; Li-Lian Liu; Lei Yang; Cheng-Di Dong; Chiu-Wen Chen. 2021. "Using Onboard-Produced Drinking Water to Achieve Ballast-Free Management." Sustainability 13, no. 14: 7648.

Journal article
Published: 16 April 2021 in Marine Pollution Bulletin
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In this article dissolved oxygen results of research cruises through the Persian Gulf during 2018–2019 are discussed. The results showed that summer to autumn hypoxia occurred mainly at depths ≥ 50 m to the bottom. This seasonal hypoxia started in late summer reaching its greatest severity in mid-autumn with an area of 50,000 km2 in the Persian Gulf. The minimum oxygen measured at the near-bottom layer of the western basin in autumn (25.8 μmol/kg) was lower than any previous measurement in the open waters of the Persian Gulf. In the Strait of Hormuz, the seasonal hypoxia appeared in summer in the near bottom of the most eastern part at the Iranian side. pHT values recorded in hypoxic waters were as low as what is predicted for surface ocean under ocean acidification in 2100. Considering the results, we suggest evaluating the effects of hypoxia and acidification on the Persian Gulf ecosystems.

ACS Style

Abolfazl Saleh; Behrooz Abtahi; Nikoo Mirzaei; Chen-Tung Arthur Chen; Hamid Ershadifar; Maryam Ghaemi; Ali Hamzehpour; Ehsan Abedi. Hypoxia in the Persian Gulf and the Strait of Hormuz. Marine Pollution Bulletin 2021, 167, 112354 .

AMA Style

Abolfazl Saleh, Behrooz Abtahi, Nikoo Mirzaei, Chen-Tung Arthur Chen, Hamid Ershadifar, Maryam Ghaemi, Ali Hamzehpour, Ehsan Abedi. Hypoxia in the Persian Gulf and the Strait of Hormuz. Marine Pollution Bulletin. 2021; 167 ():112354.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Abolfazl Saleh; Behrooz Abtahi; Nikoo Mirzaei; Chen-Tung Arthur Chen; Hamid Ershadifar; Maryam Ghaemi; Ali Hamzehpour; Ehsan Abedi. 2021. "Hypoxia in the Persian Gulf and the Strait of Hormuz." Marine Pollution Bulletin 167, no. : 112354.

Journal article
Published: 11 January 2021 in Scientific Reports
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The La Niña of 2007/2008 was particularly strong, so was the southward flow of the cold, nutrient-rich Changjiang (Yangtze River) Diluted Water (CDW) when the winter monsoon started to blow in the fall. Here we use shipboard data in 2008 in two transects, one in the southwestern East China Sea and one in the southern Taiwan Strait, to show that as late as April in 2008 the CDW was still clearly identifiable when the winter monsoon had weakened. Waters as cold as 16 °C with a salinity lower than 30 still occupied the southwestern East China Sea. Waters of 17 °C and S < 32 could also be found off the coast of China in the central Taiwan Strait. The concentration of NO3 + NO2 was higher than 18 μmol L−1 at both places, which was as much as 40 times higher than the northward moving South China Sea (SCS) water to the east. As a result, the Changjiang River plume may be a significant source of nutrients, particularly N, to the oligotrophic, N-poor SCS, especially in the La Niña years. Indeed, colder and more turbid CDW was more intense and went farther south in 2008 compared with the normal springs of 2006, 2007 and 2009.

ACS Style

Chen-Tung Arthur Chen; Yan Bai; Ting-Hsuan Huang; Xianqiang He; Hsien-Wen Chen; Shujie Yu. Southward spreading of the Changjiang Diluted Water in the La Niña spring of 2008. Scientific Reports 2021, 11, 1 -11.

AMA Style

Chen-Tung Arthur Chen, Yan Bai, Ting-Hsuan Huang, Xianqiang He, Hsien-Wen Chen, Shujie Yu. Southward spreading of the Changjiang Diluted Water in the La Niña spring of 2008. Scientific Reports. 2021; 11 (1):1-11.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chen-Tung Arthur Chen; Yan Bai; Ting-Hsuan Huang; Xianqiang He; Hsien-Wen Chen; Shujie Yu. 2021. "Southward spreading of the Changjiang Diluted Water in the La Niña spring of 2008." Scientific Reports 11, no. 1: 1-11.

Journal article
Published: 02 November 2020 in Sustainability
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A hydrothermal vent system is one of the most unique marine environments on Earth. The cycling hydrothermal fluid hosts favorable conditions for unique life forms and novel mineralization mechanisms, which have attracted the interests of researchers in fields of biological, chemical and geological studies. Shallow-water hydrothermal vents located in coastal areas are suitable for hydrothermal studies due to their close relationship with human activities. This paper presents a summary of the developments in exploration and detection methods for shallow-water hydrothermal systems. Mapping and measuring approaches of vents, together with newly developed equipment, including sensors, measuring systems and water samplers, are included. These techniques provide scientists with improved accuracy, efficiency or even extended data types while studying shallow-water hydrothermal systems. Further development of these techniques may provide new potential for hydrothermal studies and relevant studies in fields of geology, origins of life and astrobiology.

ACS Style

Zhujun Zhang; Wei Fan; Weicheng Bao; Chen-Tung Chen; Shuo Liu; Yong Cai. Recent Developments of Exploration and Detection of Shallow-Water Hydrothermal Systems. Sustainability 2020, 12, 9109 .

AMA Style

Zhujun Zhang, Wei Fan, Weicheng Bao, Chen-Tung Chen, Shuo Liu, Yong Cai. Recent Developments of Exploration and Detection of Shallow-Water Hydrothermal Systems. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (21):9109.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhujun Zhang; Wei Fan; Weicheng Bao; Chen-Tung Chen; Shuo Liu; Yong Cai. 2020. "Recent Developments of Exploration and Detection of Shallow-Water Hydrothermal Systems." Sustainability 12, no. 21: 9109.

Chapter
Published: 16 June 2020 in Atmosphere, Earth, Ocean & Space
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The Okhotsk Sea is located in a subarctic zone with characteristics such as ice cover in winter. Like other high-latitude seas, the Okhotsk Sea is undergoing rapid changes. Notably, its sea surface temperature (SST) increased by about 4.5 °C/century between 1998 and 2016, exceeding the reported rate of increase of 1.3 °C/century between 1982 and 2006. During the same period (1998–2016), the chlorophyll concentration increased by 0.01 μg/L (0.99%) annually. The Secchi disk depth (SDD) slightly increased at 0.018 m/yr. These changes in the SST, chlorophyll concentration and Secchi disk depth lead to reduced oxygen content, and may affect other physical and biological processes as well as carbon sequestration in the Okhotsk Sea.

ACS Style

Chen-Tung Arthur Chen; Shujie Yu; Ting-Hsuan Huang; Yan Bai; Xianqiang He. Changes in Temperature, Chlorophyll Concentration, and Secchi Disk Depth in the Okhotsk Sea from 1998 to 2016. Atmosphere, Earth, Ocean & Space 2020, 57 -68.

AMA Style

Chen-Tung Arthur Chen, Shujie Yu, Ting-Hsuan Huang, Yan Bai, Xianqiang He. Changes in Temperature, Chlorophyll Concentration, and Secchi Disk Depth in the Okhotsk Sea from 1998 to 2016. Atmosphere, Earth, Ocean & Space. 2020; ():57-68.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chen-Tung Arthur Chen; Shujie Yu; Ting-Hsuan Huang; Yan Bai; Xianqiang He. 2020. "Changes in Temperature, Chlorophyll Concentration, and Secchi Disk Depth in the Okhotsk Sea from 1998 to 2016." Atmosphere, Earth, Ocean & Space , no. : 57-68.

Chapter
Published: 16 June 2020 in Atmosphere, Earth, Ocean & Space
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The tropical/subtropical South China Sea (SCS) is the largest marginal sea in the world. Like other warm bodies of water, its sea surface temperature (SST) is rising, albeit more slowly (0.012 °C/yr between 1998 and 2016) than that of cold-water regions at high latitudes. The chlorophyll concentration increased at 0.0012 μg/L/yr during that period, and the Secchi disk depth (SDD) increased by 0.035 m/yr. The changes of SST, chlorophyll concentration and SDD, the factors governing changes in ocean biogeochemistry, in the SCS exhibit high temporal-spatial variability, and these parameters varied in opposite directions during the periods 1998–2008 and 2008–2016. The first period witnessed declining SST and SDD and increasing chlorophyll concentration, referring to enhancing primary productivity. The second period witnessed increasing SST and SDD but falling chlorophyll concentration, referring to declining primary productivity. These changes and increasing anthropogenic activities on land may be related to changing biogeochemistry such as decreasing dissolved oxygen concentration in coastal regions. In the SCS basin, however, particulate organic carbon and nitrogen seem to be on the rise.

ACS Style

Chen-Tung Arthur Chen; Shujie Yu; Ting-Hsuan Huang; Hon-Kit Lui; Yan Bai; Xianqiang He. Changing Biogeochemistry in the South China Sea. Atmosphere, Earth, Ocean & Space 2020, 203 -216.

AMA Style

Chen-Tung Arthur Chen, Shujie Yu, Ting-Hsuan Huang, Hon-Kit Lui, Yan Bai, Xianqiang He. Changing Biogeochemistry in the South China Sea. Atmosphere, Earth, Ocean & Space. 2020; ():203-216.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chen-Tung Arthur Chen; Shujie Yu; Ting-Hsuan Huang; Hon-Kit Lui; Yan Bai; Xianqiang He. 2020. "Changing Biogeochemistry in the South China Sea." Atmosphere, Earth, Ocean & Space , no. : 203-216.

Chapter
Published: 16 June 2020 in Atmosphere, Earth, Ocean & Space
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The subarctic Bering Sea is the northernmost marginal sea in the Asia-Pacific region and, like other seas at high latitudes, it is changing rapidly. One of the most notable changes is the sea surface temperature (SST), which increased by approximately 5.5 °C/century (p = 0.14) from 1998 to 2016—a much higher rate than the reported global rate of 1.5 °C/century between 2000 and 2010. During the former period, the chlorophyll concentration increased significantly by 0.011 μg/L per year (p = 0.03). However, the Secchi disk depth did not significantly change. Unlike in tropical oceans, both SST and chlorophyll concentration in the Bering Sea increased, revealing the different responses of phytoplankton to oceanic warming.

ACS Style

Chen-Tung Arthur Chen; Shujie Yu; Ting-Hsuan Huang; Yan Bai; Xianqiang He. Changes in Temperature, Chlorophyll Concentration, and Secchi Disk Depth in the Bering Sea from 1998 to 2016. Atmosphere, Earth, Ocean & Space 2020, 5 -18.

AMA Style

Chen-Tung Arthur Chen, Shujie Yu, Ting-Hsuan Huang, Yan Bai, Xianqiang He. Changes in Temperature, Chlorophyll Concentration, and Secchi Disk Depth in the Bering Sea from 1998 to 2016. Atmosphere, Earth, Ocean & Space. 2020; ():5-18.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chen-Tung Arthur Chen; Shujie Yu; Ting-Hsuan Huang; Yan Bai; Xianqiang He. 2020. "Changes in Temperature, Chlorophyll Concentration, and Secchi Disk Depth in the Bering Sea from 1998 to 2016." Atmosphere, Earth, Ocean & Space , no. : 5-18.

Chapter
Published: 16 June 2020 in Atmosphere, Earth, Ocean & Space
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Marginal seas are among the most productive marine environments in the world, and they are known to have undergone rapid environmental changes in recent decades. This book introduces temporal changes over time scales from years to decades in the marginal seas in the Northwest Pacific, ranging from the northern-most Arctic/Subarctic Bering Sea to the tropical South China Sea (SCS). The relevant physical variables include sea level, sea surface temperature, water mass index, current and transport, and local issues, such as sea ice and tidal mixing, as well as other processes and dynamics govern them. Trends are also discussed. The biogeochemical variables include nutrient concentrations, oxygen concentration, pH, ocean acidification, eutrophication, and productivity. This book comprehensively reviews long-term changes in the physical and biogeochemical variables for six marginal seas and two related western boundary currents. The focus on Asia-Pacific marginal seas is especially important because of their extensive exploitation and the urgent need for adaptive management strategies in their coastal areas. Readers in most oceanographic fields will find the newest information on long-term changes in these marginal seas in this book which provides a holistic overview of what has changed and warns readers of what is likely to change in the future.

ACS Style

Chen-Tung Arthur Chen; Xinyu Guo. Introduction. Atmosphere, Earth, Ocean & Space 2020, 1 -4.

AMA Style

Chen-Tung Arthur Chen, Xinyu Guo. Introduction. Atmosphere, Earth, Ocean & Space. 2020; ():1-4.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chen-Tung Arthur Chen; Xinyu Guo. 2020. "Introduction." Atmosphere, Earth, Ocean & Space , no. : 1-4.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2020 in Nature Communications
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Syntheses of carbonate chemistry spatial patterns are important for predicting ocean acidification impacts, but are lacking in coastal oceans. Here, we show that along the North American Atlantic and Gulf coasts the meridional distributions of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and carbonate mineral saturation state (Ω) are controlled by partial equilibrium with the atmosphere resulting in relatively low DIC and high Ω in warm southern waters and the opposite in cold northern waters. However, pH and the partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) do not exhibit a simple spatial pattern and are controlled by local physical and net biological processes which impede equilibrium with the atmosphere. Along the Pacific coast, upwelling brings subsurface waters with low Ω and pH to the surface where net biological production works to raise their values. Different temperature sensitivities of carbonate properties and different timescales of influencing processes lead to contrasting property distributions within and among margins.

ACS Style

Wei-Jun Cai; Yuan-Yuan Xu; Richard A. Feely; Rik Wanninkhof; Bror Jönsson; Simone R. Alin; Leticia Barbero; Jessica N. Cross; Kumiko Azetsu-Scott; Andrea J. Fassbender; Brendan R. Carter; Li-Qing Jiang; Pierre Pepin; Baoshan Chen; Najid Hussain; Janet J. Reimer; Liang Xue; Joseph E. Salisbury; José Martín Hernández-Ayón; Chris Langdon; Qian Li; Adrienne J. Sutton; Chen-Tung A. Chen; Dwight K. Gledhill. Controls on surface water carbonate chemistry along North American ocean margins. Nature Communications 2020, 11, 1 -13.

AMA Style

Wei-Jun Cai, Yuan-Yuan Xu, Richard A. Feely, Rik Wanninkhof, Bror Jönsson, Simone R. Alin, Leticia Barbero, Jessica N. Cross, Kumiko Azetsu-Scott, Andrea J. Fassbender, Brendan R. Carter, Li-Qing Jiang, Pierre Pepin, Baoshan Chen, Najid Hussain, Janet J. Reimer, Liang Xue, Joseph E. Salisbury, José Martín Hernández-Ayón, Chris Langdon, Qian Li, Adrienne J. Sutton, Chen-Tung A. Chen, Dwight K. Gledhill. Controls on surface water carbonate chemistry along North American ocean margins. Nature Communications. 2020; 11 (1):1-13.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wei-Jun Cai; Yuan-Yuan Xu; Richard A. Feely; Rik Wanninkhof; Bror Jönsson; Simone R. Alin; Leticia Barbero; Jessica N. Cross; Kumiko Azetsu-Scott; Andrea J. Fassbender; Brendan R. Carter; Li-Qing Jiang; Pierre Pepin; Baoshan Chen; Najid Hussain; Janet J. Reimer; Liang Xue; Joseph E. Salisbury; José Martín Hernández-Ayón; Chris Langdon; Qian Li; Adrienne J. Sutton; Chen-Tung A. Chen; Dwight K. Gledhill. 2020. "Controls on surface water carbonate chemistry along North American ocean margins." Nature Communications 11, no. 1: 1-13.

Journal article
Published: 12 May 2020 in Scientific Reports
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The Taiwan Strait (TS) connects two of the largest marginal seas in the world, namely the East China Sea (ECS) and the South China Sea (SCS). When the NE monsoon prevails, the fresh, nutrient-rich but P-limited China Coastal Current (CCC) flows southward. Yet, part of the CCC turns eastward after entering the TS and then turns back toward the ECS. In the southern TS, part of the salty, N-limited, northward TS current (TSC) in the eastern part of the strait turns westward and eventually returns to the SCS. That is, the TS acts like a quasi-cul-de-sac during the NE monsoon season. Based on 822 samples from 28 cruises, the highest Chl. a concentration occurs at a salinity around 32 even though the nutrient concentration is not the highest. Mixing the cold-fresh-eutrophic CCC water and the warm-salty-oligotrophic TSC water results in a more suitable condition for biological uptake in both the southern ECS and the northern SCS.

ACS Style

Ting-Hsuan Huang; Chen-Tung Arthur Chen; Yan Bai; Xianqiang He. Elevated primary productivity triggered by mixing in the quasi-cul-de-sac Taiwan Strait during the NE monsoon. Scientific Reports 2020, 10, 1 -9.

AMA Style

Ting-Hsuan Huang, Chen-Tung Arthur Chen, Yan Bai, Xianqiang He. Elevated primary productivity triggered by mixing in the quasi-cul-de-sac Taiwan Strait during the NE monsoon. Scientific Reports. 2020; 10 (1):1-9.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ting-Hsuan Huang; Chen-Tung Arthur Chen; Yan Bai; Xianqiang He. 2020. "Elevated primary productivity triggered by mixing in the quasi-cul-de-sac Taiwan Strait during the NE monsoon." Scientific Reports 10, no. 1: 1-9.

Research article
Published: 13 March 2020 in Environmental Science & Technology
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When fine particulates such as those with a diameter of approximate 1 μm (particulate matter, PM1) are released from fossil fuel combustion into the air, they warm the atmosphere and contribute to millions of premature death in humans each year. Considerable quantities of PM1 eventually enter the oceans as suspended particulates, yet subsequent removal mechanisms are poorly understood. In fact, the presence of PM1 in marine biota has never been reported. Since sea anemones are opportunistic suspension feeders, they are anticipated to incorporate and accumulate PM1 in their bodies. By histological examination, PM1 was detected in 21 of the 22 sea anemones collected off Taiwan and Southeast China, with a depth of intertidal zone to 1000 m. PM1, if present, was always detected in endodermal layers, and had the same dominant color (i.e., black, brown or green) in different species from the same site. The bioaccumulation factor of PM1 in sea anemones was approximately five to seven orders of magnitude. Based on radioisotope 14C results, the contribution of fossil-fuel source PM1 was 8 - 24 %. Regardless of PM1’s color, S and Fe were commonly detected by scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM-EDS), suggesting anthropogenic sources. Furthermore, a maternal transfer of materials was suggested based on the existence of PM1 in sea anemone eggs, and in brooding and released juveniles. The significance of PM1 accumulation by biota in aquatic ecosystems and the potential risk to living organisms via food webs warrant further investigation.

ACS Style

Li-Lian Liu; Chen-Yun Hsieh; Meng-Ying Kuo; Chienhsun Chen; Yen-Hong Shau; Hon-Kit Lui; Chung-Shin Yuan; Chen-Tung Arthur Chen. Evidence for Fossil Fuel PM1 Accumulation in Marine Biota. Environmental Science & Technology 2020, 54, 4068 -4078.

AMA Style

Li-Lian Liu, Chen-Yun Hsieh, Meng-Ying Kuo, Chienhsun Chen, Yen-Hong Shau, Hon-Kit Lui, Chung-Shin Yuan, Chen-Tung Arthur Chen. Evidence for Fossil Fuel PM1 Accumulation in Marine Biota. Environmental Science & Technology. 2020; 54 (7):4068-4078.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Li-Lian Liu; Chen-Yun Hsieh; Meng-Ying Kuo; Chienhsun Chen; Yen-Hong Shau; Hon-Kit Lui; Chung-Shin Yuan; Chen-Tung Arthur Chen. 2020. "Evidence for Fossil Fuel PM1 Accumulation in Marine Biota." Environmental Science & Technology 54, no. 7: 4068-4078.

Journal article
Published: 29 January 2020 in Marine Pollution Bulletin
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This research characterizes the temporal and spatial variability of the seawater carbonate chemistry on the near-shore waters of the northern Persian Gulf and Makran Sea. In general, normalized total alkalinity (nAT) showed a westward decrease along the coasts of Makran Sea and the Persian Gulf. Intertidal seawater was always supersaturated in terms of calcium carbonate minerals during the daytime. Rocky shore waters in the Persian Gulf were sinks for CO2 in the winter during the daytime. The nAT decreased from Larak to Khargu Island by 81 μmol/kg. As expected, the two hypothetical drivers of bio-calcification, i.e., Ω and the [HCO3-]/[H+] ratio, were significantly related at a narrow range of ambient temperature. However, as data were pooled over seasons and study sites, in contrast to ΩAr, the [HCO3-]/[H+] ratio showed a slight dependence on temperature, suggesting that the ratio should be investigated as a more reliable factor in future biocalcification researches.

ACS Style

Abolfazl Saleh; Jahangir Vajed Samiei; Fatemeh Amini-Yekta; Mehri Seyed Hashtroudi; Chen-Tung Arthur Chen; Neda Sheijooni Fumani. The carbonate system on the coral patches and rocky intertidal habitats of the northern Persian Gulf: Implications for ocean acidification studies. Marine Pollution Bulletin 2020, 151, 110834 .

AMA Style

Abolfazl Saleh, Jahangir Vajed Samiei, Fatemeh Amini-Yekta, Mehri Seyed Hashtroudi, Chen-Tung Arthur Chen, Neda Sheijooni Fumani. The carbonate system on the coral patches and rocky intertidal habitats of the northern Persian Gulf: Implications for ocean acidification studies. Marine Pollution Bulletin. 2020; 151 ():110834.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Abolfazl Saleh; Jahangir Vajed Samiei; Fatemeh Amini-Yekta; Mehri Seyed Hashtroudi; Chen-Tung Arthur Chen; Neda Sheijooni Fumani. 2020. "The carbonate system on the coral patches and rocky intertidal habitats of the northern Persian Gulf: Implications for ocean acidification studies." Marine Pollution Bulletin 151, no. : 110834.

Journal article
Published: 21 November 2019 in Science of The Total Environment
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The environmental characteristics of colloidal toxic trace metals Cd, Cu and Pb in riverine and estuarine waters collected from two urban rivers of Yantai City in eastern China, the Guangdang and Xin'an Rivers, were investigated using a modified centrifugal ultrafiltration (CUF) method in conjunction with acid extraction and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The target metals in dissolved pool were divided into four CUF fractions, i.e. <1 kDa, 1–3 kDa, 3–10 kDa and 10 kDa–0.2 μm, and the results showed that colloidal Cd, Cu and Pb were dominated by 1–10 kDa (1–3 and 3–10 kDa), 1–3 kDa and 10 kDa–0.2 μm fractions, respectively. The coagulation/flocculation of low-molecular-weight (1–10 kDa) colloidal Cd and Cu in the estuaries was obvious and strong, while the enrichment of dissolved Pb in the 10 kDa–0.2 μm fraction may be mainly related to its biogeochemical interactions with Fe-oxides, which is easy to occur in macromolecular colloids. In addition, the actual molecular weight cutoffs (MWCOs) of the three used CUF units with nominal MWCOs of 1, 3 and 10 kDa were determined to be 4.9, 8.5 and 33.9 kDa, respectively, indicating that membrane calibration is essential for explaining the actual fraction of dissolved trace metals and verifying the integrity of ultrafiltration membrane. Overall, the results in this study provide a further understanding of the heterogeneity in biogeochemical features, migration and fate of toxic trace metals in aquatic ecosystems, especially that of the river-sea mixing zone.

ACS Style

Yuxi Lu; Xuelu Gao; Jinming Song; Chen-Tung Arthur Chen; Jinling Chu. Colloidal toxic trace metals in urban riverine and estuarine waters of Yantai City, southern coast of North Yellow Sea. Science of The Total Environment 2019, 717, 135265 .

AMA Style

Yuxi Lu, Xuelu Gao, Jinming Song, Chen-Tung Arthur Chen, Jinling Chu. Colloidal toxic trace metals in urban riverine and estuarine waters of Yantai City, southern coast of North Yellow Sea. Science of The Total Environment. 2019; 717 ():135265.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yuxi Lu; Xuelu Gao; Jinming Song; Chen-Tung Arthur Chen; Jinling Chu. 2019. "Colloidal toxic trace metals in urban riverine and estuarine waters of Yantai City, southern coast of North Yellow Sea." Science of The Total Environment 717, no. : 135265.

Editorial
Published: 12 August 2019 in Oceans
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The ocean is the most important subsystem of the Earth’s climate system and functions as its heart, regulating the energy distribution of the planet

ACS Style

Antonio Bode; Fátima Abrantes; Agostinho Antunes; Alvise Benetazzo; Chen-Tung Arthur Chen; Emmanuel Devred; Martin Gade; Eulàlia Gràcia; Jochen Horstmann; Diego Macías; Joseph M. Maina; Pere Masqué; Nicholas Meskhidze; Luis Somoza. MDPI Oceans: A New Publication Channel for Open Access Science Focused on the Ocean. Oceans 2019, 1, 1 -5.

AMA Style

Antonio Bode, Fátima Abrantes, Agostinho Antunes, Alvise Benetazzo, Chen-Tung Arthur Chen, Emmanuel Devred, Martin Gade, Eulàlia Gràcia, Jochen Horstmann, Diego Macías, Joseph M. Maina, Pere Masqué, Nicholas Meskhidze, Luis Somoza. MDPI Oceans: A New Publication Channel for Open Access Science Focused on the Ocean. Oceans. 2019; 1 (1):1-5.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Antonio Bode; Fátima Abrantes; Agostinho Antunes; Alvise Benetazzo; Chen-Tung Arthur Chen; Emmanuel Devred; Martin Gade; Eulàlia Gràcia; Jochen Horstmann; Diego Macías; Joseph M. Maina; Pere Masqué; Nicholas Meskhidze; Luis Somoza. 2019. "MDPI Oceans: A New Publication Channel for Open Access Science Focused on the Ocean." Oceans 1, no. 1: 1-5.

Journal article
Published: 21 April 2019 in Minerals
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We analyzed sulfur isotopes, trace elements and chalcophile elements (Se, Te, As, Sb, and Hg) in the native sulfur matrix from the Kueishantao hydrothermal system and conducted a systematic micro-analytical investigation. The sulfur matrix lacked all measured metals (e.g., Fe, Cu) and rare earth elements (REEs) while being significantly enriched in Te, As, Se (750–1500 ppm), Sb (around 100 ppm) and some Hg. The δ34S data (0.2–2.4‰) suggest a magmatic source leached from igneous rocks and a small contribution of seawater sulfates to the sulfur in hydrothermal deposits. Correlations between Te, As, Sb, and S (r2 = 0.30–0.61) indicate that these elements behave coherently in magmatic-hydrothermal processes. The enrichment factors and content ratios of these elements demonstrate their abundance in the sulfur matrix and minor fractionation after being partitioned into the metallic melt and forming a separate vapor phase to transport. Our study focuses on the native sulfur matrix in a shallow-water volcanic hydrothermal system, to which relatively little attention has previously been paid. This will expand our understanding of hydrothermal precipitates. The study of volatile chalcophile elements in the matrix will provide significant information about their sources, distributions and other geochemical behaviors in magmatic-hydrothermal processes and help to understand the Kueishantao hydrothermal circulation better.

ACS Style

Ming-Zhen Yu; Xue-Gang Chen; Dieter Garbe-Schönberg; Ying Ye; Chen-Tung Arthur Chen. Volatile Chalcophile Elements in Native Sulfur from a Submarine Hydrothermal System at Kueishantao, Offshore NE Taiwan. Minerals 2019, 9, 245 .

AMA Style

Ming-Zhen Yu, Xue-Gang Chen, Dieter Garbe-Schönberg, Ying Ye, Chen-Tung Arthur Chen. Volatile Chalcophile Elements in Native Sulfur from a Submarine Hydrothermal System at Kueishantao, Offshore NE Taiwan. Minerals. 2019; 9 (4):245.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ming-Zhen Yu; Xue-Gang Chen; Dieter Garbe-Schönberg; Ying Ye; Chen-Tung Arthur Chen. 2019. "Volatile Chalcophile Elements in Native Sulfur from a Submarine Hydrothermal System at Kueishantao, Offshore NE Taiwan." Minerals 9, no. 4: 245.

Journal article
Published: 04 April 2019 in Scientific Reports
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The Taiwan Strait (TS) directly connects two of the richest fishing grounds in the world - the East China Sea (ECS) and the South China Sea (SCS). Carbon and nutrient supplies are essential for primary production and the Yangtze River is an important source for the ECS. However the ECS is severely P-limited. The TS transports an order of magnitude more carbon and a factor of two more phosphate (P) to the ECS than the Yangtze River does. To evaluate the temporal variability of these supplies, the total alkalinity (TA), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), nitrate plus nitrite (N), P, and silicate (Si) fluxes through the TS were estimated using empirical equations for these parameters and the current velocity, which was estimated using the Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM). These empirical equations were derived from in situ salinity and temperature and measured chemical concentrations that were collected during 57 cruises (1995–2014) with a total of 2096 bottle samples. The 24-month moving averages of water, carbon, and nutrient fluxes significantly increase with time, so does the satellite chlorophyll a concentration. More importantly, the increased supply of the badly needed P from the TS is more than that from the Yangtze River.

ACS Style

Ting-Hsuan Huang; Chen-Tung Arthur Chen; Jay Lee; Chau-Ron Wu; You-Lin Wang; Yan Bai; Xianqiang He; Shu-Lun Wang; Selvaraj Kandasamy; Jiann-Yuh Lou; Ben-Jei Tsuang; Hsien-Wen Chen; Ruo-Shan Tseng; Yiing Jang Yang. East China Sea increasingly gains limiting nutrient P from South China Sea. Scientific Reports 2019, 9, 5648 .

AMA Style

Ting-Hsuan Huang, Chen-Tung Arthur Chen, Jay Lee, Chau-Ron Wu, You-Lin Wang, Yan Bai, Xianqiang He, Shu-Lun Wang, Selvaraj Kandasamy, Jiann-Yuh Lou, Ben-Jei Tsuang, Hsien-Wen Chen, Ruo-Shan Tseng, Yiing Jang Yang. East China Sea increasingly gains limiting nutrient P from South China Sea. Scientific Reports. 2019; 9 (1):5648.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ting-Hsuan Huang; Chen-Tung Arthur Chen; Jay Lee; Chau-Ron Wu; You-Lin Wang; Yan Bai; Xianqiang He; Shu-Lun Wang; Selvaraj Kandasamy; Jiann-Yuh Lou; Ben-Jei Tsuang; Hsien-Wen Chen; Ruo-Shan Tseng; Yiing Jang Yang. 2019. "East China Sea increasingly gains limiting nutrient P from South China Sea." Scientific Reports 9, no. 1: 5648.

Journal article
Published: 06 February 2019 in Scientific Reports
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We measured particulate organic carbon (POC) fluxes from the euphotic zone into the twilight zone and deep waters (>1000 m) that occurred between the shelf and the basin in the South China Sea (SCS) and at the SouthEast Asia Time Series Station (SEATS) using floating sediment trap arrays. Additionally, selected sinking particles were imaged by scanning electron microscope (SEM) to reveal particle morphology and composition. Results showed large variations in POC fluxes with elevated values (32–104 mg-C m−2 d−1) below the euphotic zone and a trend towards lower values in the deep SCS. Vertical POC fluxes measured in deep waters between the shelf and the SCS basin were much higher than those estimated by Martin’s attenuation equation. These elevated POC fluxes in deep waters were attributed to lateral particle transport as opposed to enhanced settling out of the euphotic zone. SEM images of sinking particles at 150 m show abundant marine biogenic detritus, while those in deep waters contained a higher proportion of lithogenic material. A great deal of the spatial variability in POC fluxes across the twilight zone and deep waters of the SCS cannot be represented by current biogeochemical models.

ACS Style

Yung-Yen Shih; Hsi-Hsiang Lin; Dewang Li; Hsueh-Han Hsieh; Chin-Chang Hung; Chen-Tung Arthur Chen. Elevated carbon flux in deep waters of the South China Sea. Scientific Reports 2019, 9, 1 -8.

AMA Style

Yung-Yen Shih, Hsi-Hsiang Lin, Dewang Li, Hsueh-Han Hsieh, Chin-Chang Hung, Chen-Tung Arthur Chen. Elevated carbon flux in deep waters of the South China Sea. Scientific Reports. 2019; 9 (1):1-8.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yung-Yen Shih; Hsi-Hsiang Lin; Dewang Li; Hsueh-Han Hsieh; Chin-Chang Hung; Chen-Tung Arthur Chen. 2019. "Elevated carbon flux in deep waters of the South China Sea." Scientific Reports 9, no. 1: 1-8.

Journal article
Published: 24 October 2018 in Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences
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We measured bromine to total organic carbon (Br:TOC) ratios as an organic source indicator in terrestrial and marine settings of Taiwan, a tectonically active margin that differs from previously studied, passive margins. Terrestrial lake sediments, soils, and river bed and suspended sediments showed Br:TOC ratios ranging from 0.02–2.8 mg‐Br g‐TOC–1. In ocean margin sediments, Br:TOC ratios ranged from terrigenous values up to 7.6 mg‐Br g‐TOC–1. A two‐component Br:TOC mixing model for ocean margin sediments indicates roughly equal proportions of terrigenous and marine organic matter (FT and FM, respectively). Terrestrial δ13C values varied from –31.5 to –24.7‰, a range which is twice the difference between the isotopic terrigenous and marine endmembers used to calculate these proportions. FT and FM based on δ13C were similar to those using Br:TOC if averaged across all marine sediments, but often differed at the level of individual samples. Depth profiles of amounts of these two forms of organic matter (OCterr and OCmar) using Br:TOC ratios show that OCmar burial is relatively constant while OCterr and hence TOC vary more strongly; this pattern suggests either episodic terrigenous carbon inputs or winnowing before burial. Variations in TOC:TN and δ13C are consistent with this control of TOC by terrigenous carbon. This study validates Br:TOC as a source indicator for terrigenous versus marine‐derived organic matter in sediments derived from mountainous areas in Oceania. As a single parameter source indicator it should have less error than δ13C due to less uncertainty of the terrestrial endmember.

ACS Style

Selvaraj Kandasamy; Baozhi Lin; Jiann-Yuh Lou; Shuh-Ji Kao; Chen-Tung Arthur Chen; Lawrence M. Mayer. Estimation of Marine Versus Terrigenous Organic Carbon in Sediments Off Southwestern Taiwan Using the Bromine to Total Organic Carbon Ratio as a Proxy. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences 2018, 123, 3387 -3402.

AMA Style

Selvaraj Kandasamy, Baozhi Lin, Jiann-Yuh Lou, Shuh-Ji Kao, Chen-Tung Arthur Chen, Lawrence M. Mayer. Estimation of Marine Versus Terrigenous Organic Carbon in Sediments Off Southwestern Taiwan Using the Bromine to Total Organic Carbon Ratio as a Proxy. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences. 2018; 123 (10):3387-3402.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Selvaraj Kandasamy; Baozhi Lin; Jiann-Yuh Lou; Shuh-Ji Kao; Chen-Tung Arthur Chen; Lawrence M. Mayer. 2018. "Estimation of Marine Versus Terrigenous Organic Carbon in Sediments Off Southwestern Taiwan Using the Bromine to Total Organic Carbon Ratio as a Proxy." Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences 123, no. 10: 3387-3402.

Journal article
Published: 11 October 2018 in Sustainability
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Accurate estimation of particulate organic carbon (POC) export efficiency in the euphotic layer is essential to understand the efficiency of the ocean’s biological carbon pump, but field measurements are difficult to conduct and data are sparse. In this study, we investigated the relationship between POC sinking export efficiency and ocean net primary production (NPP) in the euphotic layer of the northern South China Sea (NSCS), with the help of high spatiotemporal coverage satellite-derived NPP. Annual mean POC export efficiency in euphotic zone is 34% for the shelf areas and 24% for the basin of the NSCS in the context of satellite-derived 16-day-composited NPP. Similar to what is generally observed in the global ocean, the POC export efficiency on the shelf areas appears to be strengthened with the increase of NPP. However, in the basin areas, the opposite relationship is observed. That is, the POC export efficiency significantly decreases with the increase of NPP. Seasonal decoupling between NPP and POC export, phytoplankton size structure, grazing by zooplankton, and dissolved organic carbon export might account for the observed negative relationship between the POC export efficiency and NPP in the euphotic layer of basin region. System comparison between shelf and basin would be helpful to promote understanding of the regulation mechanism of POC export in the tropical marginal seas.

ACS Style

Teng Li; Yan Bai; Xianqiang He; Xiaoyan Chen; Chen-Tung Arthur Chen; Bangyi Tao; Delu Pan; Xuan Zhang. The Relationship between POC Export Efficiency and Primary Production: Opposite on the Shelf and Basin of the Northern South China Sea. Sustainability 2018, 10, 3634 .

AMA Style

Teng Li, Yan Bai, Xianqiang He, Xiaoyan Chen, Chen-Tung Arthur Chen, Bangyi Tao, Delu Pan, Xuan Zhang. The Relationship between POC Export Efficiency and Primary Production: Opposite on the Shelf and Basin of the Northern South China Sea. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (10):3634.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Teng Li; Yan Bai; Xianqiang He; Xiaoyan Chen; Chen-Tung Arthur Chen; Bangyi Tao; Delu Pan; Xuan Zhang. 2018. "The Relationship between POC Export Efficiency and Primary Production: Opposite on the Shelf and Basin of the Northern South China Sea." Sustainability 10, no. 10: 3634.

Journal article
Published: 03 August 2018 in Scientific Reports
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Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) is the submarine seepage of all fluids from coastal sediments into the overlying coastal seas. It has been well documented that the SGD may contribute a great deal of allochthonous nutrients to the coastlines. It is, however, less known how much carbon enters the ocean via the SGD. Nutrients (NO3, NO2, NH4, PO4, SiO2), alkalinity and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in the submarine groundwater were measured at 20 locations around Taiwan for the first time. The total N/P/Si yields from the SGD in Taiwan are respectively 3.28 ± 2.3 × 104, 2.6 ± 1.8 × 102 and 1.89 ± 1.33 × 104 mol/km2/a, compared with 9.5 ± 6.7 × 105 mol/km2/a for alkalinity and 8.8 ± 6.2 × 105 mol/km2/a for DIC. To compare with literature data, yields for the major estuary across the Taiwan Strait (Jiulong River) are comparable except for P which is extremely low. Primary production supported by these nutrient outflows is insufficient to compensate the DIC supplied by the SGD. As a result, the SGD helps making the coastal waters in Taiwan and Jiulong River heterotrophic.

ACS Style

Shu-Lun Wang; Chen-Tung Arthur Chen; Ting-Hsuan Huang; Hsiao-Chun Tseng; Hon-Kit Lui; Tsung-Ren Peng; Selvaraj Kandasamy; Jing Zhang; Liyang Yang; Xuelu Gao; Jiann-Yuh Lou; Fu-Wen Kuo; Xue-Gang Chen; Ying Ye; Yi-Jie Lin. Submarine Groundwater Discharge helps making nearshore waters heterotrophic. Scientific Reports 2018, 8, 1 -10.

AMA Style

Shu-Lun Wang, Chen-Tung Arthur Chen, Ting-Hsuan Huang, Hsiao-Chun Tseng, Hon-Kit Lui, Tsung-Ren Peng, Selvaraj Kandasamy, Jing Zhang, Liyang Yang, Xuelu Gao, Jiann-Yuh Lou, Fu-Wen Kuo, Xue-Gang Chen, Ying Ye, Yi-Jie Lin. Submarine Groundwater Discharge helps making nearshore waters heterotrophic. Scientific Reports. 2018; 8 (1):1-10.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shu-Lun Wang; Chen-Tung Arthur Chen; Ting-Hsuan Huang; Hsiao-Chun Tseng; Hon-Kit Lui; Tsung-Ren Peng; Selvaraj Kandasamy; Jing Zhang; Liyang Yang; Xuelu Gao; Jiann-Yuh Lou; Fu-Wen Kuo; Xue-Gang Chen; Ying Ye; Yi-Jie Lin. 2018. "Submarine Groundwater Discharge helps making nearshore waters heterotrophic." Scientific Reports 8, no. 1: 1-10.