Adult triatomines occasionally fly into artificially lit premises in Amazonia. This can result in Trypanosoma cruzi transmission to humans either by direct contact or via foodstuff contamination, but the frequency of such behaviour has not been quantified. To address this issue, a light-trap was set 45 m above ground in primary rainforest near Manaus, state of Amazonas, Brazil and operated monthly for three consecutive nights over the course of one year (432 trap-hours). The most commonly caught reduviids were triatomines, including 38 Panstrongylus geniculatus, nine Panstrongylus lignarius, three Panstrongylus rufotuberculatus, five Rhodnius robustus, two Rhodnius pictipes, one Rhodnius amazonicus and 17 Eratyrus mucronatus. Males were collected more frequently than females. The only month without any catches was May. Attraction of most of the known local T. cruzi vectors to artificial light sources is common and year-round in the Amazon rainforest, implying that they may often invade premises built near forest edges and thus become involved in disease transmission. Consequently, effective Chagas disease prevention in Amazonia will require integrating entomological surveillance with the currently used epidemiological surveillance.

Insects will soon reach one million known species worldwide. Brazil, with about 9% of this total, and possibly another 400 thousand species yet to be discovered, harbors the highest insect diversity in the world. The country has a complement of about 140 active taxonomists, which means a quota of 3,600 insect species per professional. Each Brazilian taxonomist publishes, on average, about 100 species during a professional life span, so it would take 2-3 thousand years to only know the country's insect diversity. Some of the problems hindering the development of insect taxonomy in Brazil are: difficulties with international loans; difficulties with permission for dissecting loaned type specimens; low scientific esteem of taxonomic journals as assessed by the Impact Factor index; academic low esteem of taxonomy knowledge; legal restrictions to field work and disregard of the Brazilian legislation that regulates the final destination of biological material. If truly responsible actions towards preserving biological diversity are to be undertaken nationwide, key problems must be addressed and solved: creation of a national center of information on entomological diversity; investment in a core of institutions that would act as an axis for the development of taxonomic knowledge; investment in the formation of a new generation of taxonomists; elimination of bureaucratic obstacles currently hampering the accomplishment of the constitutional mandate for developing knowledge on biological diversity and developing organized actions to control the deforestation of highly biodiverse areas.Em breve, um milhão de espécies de insetos estará descrita em todo mundo. O Brasil, com cerca de 9% desse total e possivelmente outras 400 mil espécies ainda não descritas, tem a maior diversidade de insetos. Mas temos cerca de 140 taxônomos ativos, o que significa aproximadamente 3.600 espécies de insetos para cada profissional. Como cada um deles publica em média 100 espécies novas durante sua vida profissional, seriam necessários 2-3 mil anos para descrever toda nossa entomodiversidade. Alguns dos problemas para o desenvolvimento da taxonomia de insetos no Brasil são: dificuldades em obter empréstimos de alguns museus estrangeiros; dificuldades para dissecar espécimes tipos emprestados; depreciação de revistas taxonômicas pela aplicação do fator de impacto; persistência da compreensão limitada do valor do conhecimento taxonômico; legislação restritiva para trabalho de campo; e desrespeito à legislação brasileira que regulamenta sobre o depósito de material biológico coletado no país. Para ações verdadeiramente efetivas para preservação da diversidade biológica no país são necessários: a criação de um centro nacional de informação sobre o conhecimento de diversidade entomológica; investimentos em conjunto de instituições que atuariam como eixos de desenvolvimento do conhecimento taxonômico; investimentos na formação de novos taxonomistas; soluções para os problemas burocráticos que inibem o cumprimento constitucional de conhecimento da biodiversidade; e ações altamente organizadas para conter o desmatamento em áreas de alta diversidade

The Neotropical genus Lopesiodinia Prado is represented by two species, L. diversa Prado (Brazil: Rio de Janeiro) and L. alvarengai Prado (Brazil: Para). The genus is reviewed here, and three new species are described and illustrated: Lopesiodinia marcusi sp. nov. (Brazil: Amazonas, Maranhao), L. argentata sp. nov. (Brazil: Amazonas) and L. pontarolloi sp. nov. (Brazil: Amazonas, Maranhao). A key to identify the subfamilies and extant genera and the species of Traginopinae from the Neotropical Region is presented.

Umbodinia bella gen. nov. et sp. nov. is described and illustrated from specimens collected in the canopy of an ombrophilous Amazonian forest, Manaus, Brazil. The genus is characterized by a unique combination of diagnostic features: body predominantly yellow; frons with two shiny dark brown to black lobules in lower corners, between the lunule and eye margins; lunule high-arched with two subtriangular spots covered with black pubescence; parafacial with tufts of long and strong setae, almost as long and stout as the fronto-orbital setae; and anepisternum with setulae dorsally and posteriorly, in addition to posterior setae.

For the first time, Clusiidae (Diptera) species are recorded from the oceanic Archipelago Fernando de Noronha, Brazil. They are represented by three genera and seven species: Czernyola fumialula sp. nov., Heteromeringia czernyi Kertész, 1903, Sobarocephala araujoi sp. nov., S. finnilaei Frey, 1918, S. icmbio sp. nov., S. protea Lonsdale & Marshall, 2012, and S. sp. For S. icmbio sp. nov., the aggregation behavior at night was observed on the undersides of broad leaves, females contained an average of 71 eggs, and flight interception traps correlated a positive linear relationship with precipitation seasonally. An illustrated key is presented for all species of the Archipelago.