Introduction: The emergence and spread of drug-resistant pathogens due to the improper use of antibiotics have become increasingly apparent in recent years. Objective: This retrospective comparative analysis aimed to assess and compare antibiotic prescription trends in Italy across two different regions based on geographic area and healthcare structure. One region represents a large hospital institution, while the other represents a populous local Italian health agency. The study also examined the impact of documented antibiotic stewardship programs and efforts to promote responsible antibiotic use at all levels, in alignment with international goals. Antibiotic consumption data were collected from the Umberto I Polyclinic Hospital and the ASL Napoli 3 South Local Health Agency. Methods: To compare consumption between regions, a standardized comparison using the Defined Daily Dose (DDD) was employed. The internal management system of each healthcare facility records all prescriptions and drug dispensations, and these data were extrapolated for this retrospective study. Results: A comparative assessment between the first half of 2022 and 2023 (January–June) highlighted a significant increase in beta-lactam antibiotic consumption, showing a twofold rise compared to the previous year’s term. Regarding prescription averages, there was a noticeable increase of +29.00% in hospitalizations and +28.00% in hospital discharges within the ASL Napoli 3 South. Conversely, at Policlinico Umberto I, there was a marginal increase of +1.60% in hospitalizations and a decrease of −7.40% in hospital discharges. Conclusions: The study offers valuable insights into expenditure patterns and antibiotic consumption, underscoring the need for enhanced prescribing practices and awareness campaigns to address the issue of antibiotic resistance. The findings stress the importance of implementing international guidelines to combat the growing threat of antibiotic resistance and ensure the effective management of infectious diseases.

In recent years there has been increased interest in exploring the therapeutic efficacy of cannabis for the management of chronic pain among adult patients. However, the use of cannabis for chronic pain is still a matter of debate and uncertainty. This opinion paper carried out a short overview of the literature with the aim of evaluating data on efficacy and safety of cannabis-based medicines, to fill the existing gaps in understanding the role of cannabis in therapy and to identify the critical issues associated with their use. The analysis of existing literature has clearly highlighted the potential benefits of cannabis-based preparations for the management of chronic pain. However, several criticalities have been identified. These include the lack of standardization of preparations and the insufficient clinical evidence to establish cannabis as the therapy of choice for chronic pain. As a result, although the potential benefits of cannabis preparations for the management of chronic pain are clear, further research is needed to address existing limitations and establish a solid scientific basis, especially through real-world data collection.