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In small catchments, the time interval most commonly used for simulation, daily or monthly, may not be sufficient to accurately capture the time distribution of hydrological processes. In this paper, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was used to perform an hourly long-term streamflow and sediment load simulation in the small (4.8 km2) and forested Aixola catchment (northern Spain). From this simulation 10 runoff events were tested; the most satisfactory results for streamflow were obtained under wet antecedent conditions. However, simulated sediment load was underestimated during the peaks and remained high towards the end of the event. Furthermore, the influence of the precipitation time-step (1–4 h, daily) was not relevant in the streamflow simulation but has influence on sediment simulation. The best results obtained accumulating at the daily step simulations obtained at hourly time-step. This paper shows that sub-daily modelling improves water and especially sediment yield results, however, improvements are still needed in timing related routines.
Maite Meaurio; Ane Zabaleta; Raghavan Srinivasan; Sabine Sauvage; José-Miguel Sánchez-Pérez; Juan Luis Lechuga-Crespo; Iñaki Antiguedad. Long-term and event-scale sub-daily streamflow and sediment simulation in a small forested catchment. Hydrological Sciences Journal 2021, 66, 862 -873.
AMA StyleMaite Meaurio, Ane Zabaleta, Raghavan Srinivasan, Sabine Sauvage, José-Miguel Sánchez-Pérez, Juan Luis Lechuga-Crespo, Iñaki Antiguedad. Long-term and event-scale sub-daily streamflow and sediment simulation in a small forested catchment. Hydrological Sciences Journal. 2021; 66 (5):862-873.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaite Meaurio; Ane Zabaleta; Raghavan Srinivasan; Sabine Sauvage; José-Miguel Sánchez-Pérez; Juan Luis Lechuga-Crespo; Iñaki Antiguedad. 2021. "Long-term and event-scale sub-daily streamflow and sediment simulation in a small forested catchment." Hydrological Sciences Journal 66, no. 5: 862-873.
The Pyrenees mountain range is the main source of water resources for a large surrounding region, extending from the Atlantic to the Mediterranean. This area is particularly vulnerable to the consequences of climate change. The PIRAGUA project (Interreg-POCTEFA) evaluates the components of the hydrological cycle in the Pyrenees, with the central objective of improving the adaptation of territories to climate change. One of its tasks focuses on the analysis of the effect that land cover and associated soil properties have on different hydrological services. Indeed, land use and its management directly affect soil hydrology, which is a key factor in streamflow temporal distribution. A better understanding of the water-soil-vegetation system is essential for a reliable hydrological modelling which results should be considered in adaptation strategies to climate change.
To this aim, chemical and physical characterization of soil properties is being conducted at the 681 km2 humid Bidasoa catchment (Pyrenees). In order to understand the soil-moisture dynamics, a monitoring network was established in July 2019 in a 0.4 km2 experimental site within the catchment. Four soil-moisture stations and a meteorological one were installed within the same geological setting, same rainfall conditions and similar soil texture characteristics (silt-loamy texture and about one meter deep), but different land covers (pine forest, oak forest, grassland and fernery). Continuous soil-moisture data obtained to date show that upper soil layers (0-20 cm) are deeply influenced by top vegetation cover. Grassland has the highest soil-moisture variations, ranging from 16.2 to 36.6 %, as they closely mirror precipitation patterns. Pine and oak forests present similar variation trend, varying from 33.9 to 42.8 % and from 35.3 to 41.9 %, respectively. Soil-moisture at fernery goes from 30.5 to 36 %. Minimum soil-moisture values coincide in all plots with the end of the dry period (end of September). Maximum values, occurring during very heavy and continuous precipitation in November (647 mm registered from 1 to 24 November), are considered as a proxy for saturated soil conditions. In all the plots, fluctuations in soil-moisture diminish significantly with increasing soil depth. However, considerable differences are found in the vertical soil-moisture profile across land covers. In both forest plots, a decreasing trend of soil-moisture within the profile is observed, while grassland and fernery show an increasing trend. Preliminary results show that soil water infiltration is different among different land covers, which give some insight into the hydrological functionality of soil under different vegetation types. Longer records of soil-moisture dynamics in the area would contribute to better assess the linkages between water, soil and vegetation and, in turn, to improve hydrological modelling in humid mountainous areas. This knowledge is necessary for a better consideration of the adaptation measures that should be taken from the territory.
María Valiente; Ane Zabaleta; Maite Meaurio; Jesus A. Uriarte; Iñaki Antigüedad. Evaluation of land cover effects on soil-moisture dynamics: adaptation measures from the territory (Bidasoa catchment, Western Pyrenees). 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleMaría Valiente, Ane Zabaleta, Maite Meaurio, Jesus A. Uriarte, Iñaki Antigüedad. Evaluation of land cover effects on soil-moisture dynamics: adaptation measures from the territory (Bidasoa catchment, Western Pyrenees). . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaría Valiente; Ane Zabaleta; Maite Meaurio; Jesus A. Uriarte; Iñaki Antigüedad. 2020. "Evaluation of land cover effects on soil-moisture dynamics: adaptation measures from the territory (Bidasoa catchment, Western Pyrenees)." , no. : 1.
Modeling is a useful way to understand human and climate change impacts on the water resources of agricultural watersheds. Calibration and validation methodologies are crucial in forecasting assessments. This study explores the best calibration methodology depending on the level of hydrological alteration due to human-derived stressors. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model is used to evaluate hydrology in South-West Europe in a context of intensive agriculture and water scarcity. The Index of Hydrological Alteration (IHA) is calculated using discharge observation data. A comparison of two SWAT calibration methodologies are done; a conventional calibration (CC) based on recorded in-stream water quality and quantity and an additional calibration (AC) adding crop managements practices. Even if the water quality and quantity trends are similar between CC and AC, water balance, irrigation and crop yields are different. In the context of rainfall decrease, water yield decreases in both CC and AC, while crop productions present opposite trends (+33% in CC and −31% in AC). Hydrological performance between CC and AC is correlated to IHA: When the level of IHA is under 80%, AC methodology is necessary. The combination of both calibrations appears essential to better constrain the model and to forecast the impact of climate change or anthropogenic influences on water resources.
Roxelane Cakir; Mélanie Raimonet; Sabine Sauvage; Javier Paredes-Arquiola; Youen Grusson; Laure Roset; Maite Meaurio; Enrique Navarro; Miguel Sevilla Callejo; Juan Luis Lechuga-Crespo; Juan Jesús Gomiz Pascual; Jose María Bodoque; José Miguel Sánchez-Pérez. Hydrological Alteration Index as an Indicator of the Calibration Complexity of Water Quantity and Quality Modeling in the Context of Global Change. Water 2019, 12, 115 .
AMA StyleRoxelane Cakir, Mélanie Raimonet, Sabine Sauvage, Javier Paredes-Arquiola, Youen Grusson, Laure Roset, Maite Meaurio, Enrique Navarro, Miguel Sevilla Callejo, Juan Luis Lechuga-Crespo, Juan Jesús Gomiz Pascual, Jose María Bodoque, José Miguel Sánchez-Pérez. Hydrological Alteration Index as an Indicator of the Calibration Complexity of Water Quantity and Quality Modeling in the Context of Global Change. Water. 2019; 12 (1):115.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRoxelane Cakir; Mélanie Raimonet; Sabine Sauvage; Javier Paredes-Arquiola; Youen Grusson; Laure Roset; Maite Meaurio; Enrique Navarro; Miguel Sevilla Callejo; Juan Luis Lechuga-Crespo; Juan Jesús Gomiz Pascual; Jose María Bodoque; José Miguel Sánchez-Pérez. 2019. "Hydrological Alteration Index as an Indicator of the Calibration Complexity of Water Quantity and Quality Modeling in the Context of Global Change." Water 12, no. 1: 115.
The separate and combined effects of climate change and forest clearcutting on discharge, suspended particulate matter (SPM) and particulate organic carbon (POC) load at a seasonal and annual scale were evaluated for the Oka catchment. Compared to the baseline scenario (1970–2000), climate change displayed a decrease in annual rainfall (RCP4.5: 27% and RCP8.5: 28%) and an increase in mean temperature (12% for both emission scenarios). Together with the decrease in rainfall, a decrease in discharge and, consequently, in SPM and POC load was also displayed. In RCP4.5, annual discharge, SPM and POC load decreased by 16%, 68% and 38%, respectively. A slightly larger decrease was found in RCP8.5: 21% for discharge, 70% for SPM load and 41% for POC load. Evapotranspiration (ET) increased relative to the baseline, with a change of 15% (RCP4.5) and 16% (RCP8.5). With regard to forest clearcut scenarios, annual discharge ranged between 3% (Scenario 1) and 15% (Scenario 3). At the same time, ET decreased by between 2% (Scenario 1) and 13% (Scenario 3) relative to the baseline (2001–2012). The model predicted a rise in SPM load of between 19% (Scenario 1) and 106% (Scenario 3). The predicted annual POC load ranged between 9% (Scenario 1) and 47% (Scenario 3). The combination of climate change and forest clearcutting scenarios showed a reduction in discharge, SPM and POC load compared to the baseline. Discharge, SPM and POC load decrease ranged between 2–18%, 30–63% and 12–36% in scenarios 8 and 7, respectively.
M. Peraza-Castro; E. Ruiz-Romera; M. Meaurio; S. Sauvage; J.M. Sánchez-Pérez. Modelling the impact of climate and land cover change on hydrology and water quality in a forest watershed in the Basque Country (Northern Spain). Ecological Engineering 2018, 122, 315 -326.
AMA StyleM. Peraza-Castro, E. Ruiz-Romera, M. Meaurio, S. Sauvage, J.M. Sánchez-Pérez. Modelling the impact of climate and land cover change on hydrology and water quality in a forest watershed in the Basque Country (Northern Spain). Ecological Engineering. 2018; 122 ():315-326.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. Peraza-Castro; E. Ruiz-Romera; M. Meaurio; S. Sauvage; J.M. Sánchez-Pérez. 2018. "Modelling the impact of climate and land cover change on hydrology and water quality in a forest watershed in the Basque Country (Northern Spain)." Ecological Engineering 122, no. : 315-326.
Maite Meaurio; Ane Zabaleta; Laurie Boithias; Ane Miren Epelde; Sabine Sauvage; Jose-Miguel Sánchez-Pérez; Raghavan Srinivasan; Iñaki Antiguedad. Assessing the hydrological response from an ensemble of CMIP5 climate projections in the transition zone of the Atlantic region (Bay of Biscay). Journal of Hydrology 2017, 548, 46 -62.
AMA StyleMaite Meaurio, Ane Zabaleta, Laurie Boithias, Ane Miren Epelde, Sabine Sauvage, Jose-Miguel Sánchez-Pérez, Raghavan Srinivasan, Iñaki Antiguedad. Assessing the hydrological response from an ensemble of CMIP5 climate projections in the transition zone of the Atlantic region (Bay of Biscay). Journal of Hydrology. 2017; 548 ():46-62.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaite Meaurio; Ane Zabaleta; Laurie Boithias; Ane Miren Epelde; Sabine Sauvage; Jose-Miguel Sánchez-Pérez; Raghavan Srinivasan; Iñaki Antiguedad. 2017. "Assessing the hydrological response from an ensemble of CMIP5 climate projections in the transition zone of the Atlantic region (Bay of Biscay)." Journal of Hydrology 548, no. : 46-62.
Maite Meaurio; Ane Zabaleta; Jesus Uriarte; Raghavan Srinivasan; Iñaki Antigüedad. Evaluation of SWAT models performance to simulate streamflow spatial origin. The case of a small forested watershed. Journal of Hydrology 2015, 525, 326 -334.
AMA StyleMaite Meaurio, Ane Zabaleta, Jesus Uriarte, Raghavan Srinivasan, Iñaki Antigüedad. Evaluation of SWAT models performance to simulate streamflow spatial origin. The case of a small forested watershed. Journal of Hydrology. 2015; 525 ():326-334.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaite Meaurio; Ane Zabaleta; Jesus Uriarte; Raghavan Srinivasan; Iñaki Antigüedad. 2015. "Evaluation of SWAT models performance to simulate streamflow spatial origin. The case of a small forested watershed." Journal of Hydrology 525, no. : 326-334.
Climate change is likely to have an impact on runoff and fluvial sediments in watersheds. These factors are among those used to characterize water bodies in relation to the European Water Framework Directive (WFD). Hence, it is important to investigate the extent to which climate change may hinder the achievement of the objectives of the WFD. We explored the potential impact of climate change on runoff and sediment yield for the Aixola watershed using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). The model calibration (2007-2010) and validation (2005-2006) results were rated as satisfactory. Subsequently, simulations were run for four climate change model-scenario combinations based on two general circulation models (CGCM2 and ECHAM4) under two emissions scenarios (A2 and B2) from 2011 to 2100. All combinations predicted that runoff and sediment yield would decrease compared with baseline (1961-1990). Three combinations suggested that runoff and sediments would decrease by 0.13 to 0.45 m s and 0.11 to 0.43 t every year from 2011 to 2100. However, the CGCM2-B2 scenario resulted in an "extremely likely" increase in runoff and sediments of 0.94 m s and 0.57 t every year. These variations in annual sediment yield are closely related to changes in precipitation. The high degree of uncertainty in the results must be considered when assessing potential impacts and making decisions about adaptation measures. Nevertheless, this first attempt to estimate future sediment yields in our region could be a useful starting point to explore future hydrological impacts in the area.
Ane Zabaleta; Maite Meaurio; Estilita Ruiz; Iñaki Antigüedad. Simulation Climate Change Impact on Runoff and Sediment Yield in a Small Watershed in the Basque Country, Northern Spain. Journal of Environmental Quality 2014, 43, 235 -245.
AMA StyleAne Zabaleta, Maite Meaurio, Estilita Ruiz, Iñaki Antigüedad. Simulation Climate Change Impact on Runoff and Sediment Yield in a Small Watershed in the Basque Country, Northern Spain. Journal of Environmental Quality. 2014; 43 (1):235-245.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAne Zabaleta; Maite Meaurio; Estilita Ruiz; Iñaki Antigüedad. 2014. "Simulation Climate Change Impact on Runoff and Sediment Yield in a Small Watershed in the Basque Country, Northern Spain." Journal of Environmental Quality 43, no. 1: 235-245.