With the popularity of online education, multiple technology-based educational tools are gradually being introduced into online learning. The role of gamification in online education has been of interest to researchers. Based on learners’ visual, auditory, and kinesthetic (VAK) learning styles, this study uses an empirical research method to investigate the behavioral intention of students to participate in online gamified classrooms in selected universities located in Guangdong province and Macao. The main contributions of this study are to focus on the impact that differences in learning styles may have on the behavioral intentions of learners and to include the “perceived learning task” as an external variable in the theoretical framework. The main research findings are: perceived usefulness and enjoyment are partially mediated between VAK learning styles and the intention to participate in online gamified classrooms; and perceived learning tasks are partially mediated between perceived usefulness and the intention to participate in online gamified classrooms. According to the findings and the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), this study constructs the Technology-Learning Behavior Acceptance Model (T-LBAM) to explore the intrinsic influencing factors of students’ intention to participate in gamified online classes and makes suggestions for future online gamification teaching.

The digital preservation of intangible cultural heritage (ICH) has become a vital strategy for sustaining cultural diversity in the face of globalization and digital transformation. This study employs bibliometric analysis and CiteSpace visualization tools to examine 798 research articles from the Web of Science (WoS) and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases (2006–2024). It provides a systematic comparative analysis of methodologies and paradigms in ICH digitization across Chinese and Western academic discourses. The findings reveal distinct conceptual orientations: Western research tends to be technology-centric, emphasizing virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and blockchain for heritage data modeling, digital archiving, and virtual exhibitions. In contrast, Chinese research adopts a culture–technology symbiosis approach, focusing on digital storytelling, with an emphasis on tourism-integrated innovation, community participation, and interdisciplinary collaboration. A temporal analysis highlights digital twins and artificial intelligence (AI) as emerging transformative forces shaping global ICH preservation, integrating technological advancements with cultural imperatives. To address existing gaps, this study proposes a technology–culture–community synergy framework, fostering a holistic and inclusive approach to ICH digitization. By bridging technological rationality with humanistic values, this study contributes to comparative ICH digitization discourse and provides practical guidance for building inclusive digital ecosystems. Ultimately, it contributes to global heritage discourse by redefining digital technology not only as a preservation tool but also as a driver of cultural innovation, offering a strategic roadmap for balancing technological advancement with the ontological integrity of intangible heritage.

This study investigates the spatiotemporal distribution and influencing factors of national-level intangible cultural heritage (ICH) within the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao (GHM) region. It utilizes Geographic Information System (GIS)-based spatial analysis methods, including the Nearest Neighbor Index (NNI) and Kernel Density Estimation. The results indicate that: (1) Macao exhibits the highest ICH density; (2) Guangzhou serves as a core clustering zone; (3) spatial centroids of ICH shift along a north–south–north trajectory across five historical stages; and (4) economic factors exert the most significant influence on ICH distribution, surpassing natural and cultural variables—diverging from previous studies that emphasized natural determinants. By integrating spatial analysis with historical contextualization, the study develops a robust methodological framework for assessing ICH dynamics across time and space. These findings offer empirical support for targeted heritage management and contribute to broader theoretical discussions on the spatial mobility of cultural heritage in urban and regional planning contexts.

This paper aims to explore the development and evolution of multilingual languages in Macau over the past 400 years, as well as the relationship and interaction of these languages with Macau society. The complex relationship between translation and society in multilingual societies is also discussed. By doing so, this study attempts to fill the current research gap by investigating the formation and evolution of multilingualism in a multicultural context from a historical perspective. To understand the evolving changes in Macau's languages and the relationship with society at large, this paper provides a review of the evolution of the multilingual society in Macau from a historical perspective while analyzing the features of Macau's multiple languages in different historical periods and revealing the influence of multilingualism on Macau's development. This review argues that there are three stages in the formation of a multilingual society and culture in Macau: Chinese as the predominant language in Macau (ancient times-1553), the early introduction of foreign languages and the official status of Portuguese languages in Macau (1553-1987), and Chinese, Portuguese, and English as the three mainstream languages in Macau (1987-present). Through a review of the past for insights into the formation of the multilingual society in Macau, the paper sheds light on the long history of Macau's Chinese and Portuguese cultures and their main linguistic influence on Macau's society and culture. Findings reveal that Macau could utilize its Portuguese characteristics and play an influential role in world communications, bridging the gap between China and Portuguese-speaking countries.

The notable rise in carbon emissions has profoundly affected humanity’s sustainable development. Achieving the "dual-carbon" goal requires understanding how enterprises can effectively reduce their carbon footprint. To elucidate the dynamic correlation of environmental regulation, corporate technological innovation, and corporate carbon emissions, this study employs a Panel Vector Autoregression model to analyze data from listed firms between 2005 and 2021, using GMM regression, impulse response analysis, and variance decomposition. The key findings are: (1) Environmental regulation, corporate technological innovation, and corporate carbon emissions exhibit self-reinforcing mechanisms, though the effect weakens over time. (2) Environmental regulation reduces corporate carbon emissions significantly, and this effect is partially mediated through corporate technological innovation. (3) A bidirectional relationship exists between corporate technological innovation and corporate carbon emissions, where corporate technological innovation has a stronger positive effect on reducing corporate carbon emissions. (4) Environmental regulation promotes corporate technological innovation, while corporate technological innovation gradually mitigates the stringency of environmental regulation. The findings herein offer actionable insights for enterprises to adopt cleaner production strategies and offer a scientific basis for policymakers to enhance environmental regulations in pursuit of a low-carbon economy.

Based on the fundamental logic of “green finance – improvement of ecological environment and new kinetic energy of economic development – sustainable development of economy and society”, this paper conducts quasi-natural experiments using panel data from 30 provinces and cities in China between 2013 and 2021. It explores the effects of pilot policies of the green finance reform and innovation pilot zone on the sustainable development of the economy and society through a double difference model. The study reveals that the establishment of the green finance reform and innovation pilot zone has a significant promoting effect on the sustainable development of the economy and society. This conclusion remains valid even after conducting a series of robustness tests. In further analysis, it is found that the promotion effect of the green finance reform and innovation pilot zone on sustainable development exhibits some temporal characteristics. It is particularly significant in regions with lower levels of financial development and industrialization but higher levels of technological innovation. Mechanism analysis indicates that the pathways through which the green finance reform and innovation pilot zone facilitates economic and social sustainable development are relatively singular, primarily revolving around the improvement of the ecological environment. The key contribution of this paper lies in demonstrating the crucial role of pilot policies in the field of sustainable economic and social development. Additionally, it offers new insights for strengthening the implementation effectiveness of green finance pilot policies.