Background: Exercise has been reported as an effective intervention for Parkinson's disease. However, there is still debate on the what kinds of exercises prior to choosing. This study aimed to compare and rank the different exercises that effectively enhance postural balance in Parkinson's disease patients by quantifying the information gleaned from randomized controlled trials (RCTs).Methods: We conducted a comprehensive database search, including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, and PsycINFO. The included studies were evaluated for methodological quality by the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool.Results: The RCTs were collected between the earliest available date and March 2023. Sixty RCTs were included and the total sample size used in the study was 3,537. Thirty-five studies were defined as low risk of bias, twenty-one studies as medium risk of bias, and four studies as high risk of bias. The network meta-analysis results showed that exergaming exercise can significantly improve patients' Timed-Up-and-Go time (SUCRA = 91.5%). Dance can significantly enhance patients' Berg Balance Scale (surface under the cumulative ranking curve, SUCRA = 81.3%), and rhythmical auditory exercise can significantly improve patients' Mini-Balance Evaluation Systems Test score (SUCRA = 95.6%).Conclusion: Compared with other exercises, exergaming exercise, Dance, and rhythmical auditory exercise showed superior efficacy in improving postural balance among Parkinson's disease patients.Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier: CRD42023411918.

The functional movement screen (FMS) is commonly used to evaluate sports injury risks, but no study has been reported for Wushu athletes. The aim of this study was to identify optimal FMS cut-off points for previously injured Wushu athletes and to examine the associations with other possible factors. In this study, a total of 84 Chinese Wushu athletes (15.1 ± 4.5 years old, 51% male) with a minimum of two years of professional training background in either Taiji, Changquan, or Nanquan were assessed by the FMS. Video recordings were used to confirm the scoring criteria, and previous injuries were assessed based on face-to-face interviews. An optimal cut-off of the FMS score was investigated by receiver operating characteristic curves with sensitivity and specificity. We found that FMS score of less than 16 (sensitivity = 80%, specificity = 56%) was related to an increased occurrence of injuries (odds ratio = 5.096, 95%CI: 1.679–15.465) for the current study sample. The training type and training levels were related with FMS scores. More than half of the athletes (58%) had FMS asymmetry and 21% of athletes reported pain while performing the FMS protocol. Future prospective studies are recommended to use FMS with cut-off of 16 points in Wushu athletes.

Aims : To examine the validity of the Fibion accelerometer for measuring energy expenditure during controlled laboratory activities and activity types during school hours in children. Methods : In the laboratory setting, 77 children ( M _age = 9.8 ± 1.6) wore two Fibion accelerometers (thigh-mounted, pocket-mounted) while performing a series of nine functional activities and while being monitored with a portable indirect calorimetry system which served as the criterion measure. In the school-based setting, 11 children ( M _age = 10.0 ± 1.3) wore two Fibion accelerometers during school hours while being monitored with video observation as the criterion measure. Validation was evaluated using mean absolute percent error, Bland–Altman methods, equivalence testing, and Pearson correlation coefficient. Results : For energy expenditure, the thigh-mounted Fibion demonstrated higher validity for sitting and standing, while the pocket-mounted Fibion was more accurate for walking and running. Both placements tended to underestimate energy expenditure during sitting (−0.249 to −0.160 kcal/min) and overestimate it during standing, walking, and running (0.032 to 0.410 kcal/min). The energy expenditure for standing measured by the thigh-mounted Fibion and running measured by the pocket-mounted Fibion were equivalent to indirect calorimetry. For activity classification, the thigh-mounted Fibion showed better validity than the pocket-mounted device for measuring duration of sitting, standing, and moving. Both placements tended to slightly underestimate durations of sitting and moving (−0.382 to −0.036 hr/day) while overestimating standing (0.218 to 0.773 hr/day). Conclusion : The Fibion accelerometer demonstrates sufficient validity for assessing energy expenditure and classifying activity types in children, with thigh-mounted placement optimal for sitting and standing, and pocket-mounted for walking and running.

Purpose: This study examined associations between adherence to the 24-hour movement guidelines (moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), screen time, and sleep) and academic achievement in school-aged children. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Elementary schools in Hangzhou, China. Sample: Sample of 268 children aged 8-12 years (52% boys). Measures: MVPA and sleep duration were measured using accelerometers, while screen time was self-reported. Academic achievement was assessed through grades in Chinese, Math, and English, standardized into Z-scores. Covariates included age, sex, school location, and body mass index z-score. Analysis: Multiple linear regression was conducted to assess associations between combinations of adherence to the 24-hour movement guidelines and academic achievement. Results: Meeting two or more recommendations was significantly associated with higher overall academic achievement compared to those meeting none ( P < 0.05). Specifically, adherence to the screen time guideline only (β = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.14, 0.64) and combined adherence to both screen time and sleep guidelines (β = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.04, 0.69) were positively associated with overall academic achievement. For subject-specific Z-scores, meeting at least two guidelines was linked to higher achievement in Chinese and Math ( P < 0.05). Conclusion: Adherence to multiple 24-hour movement guidelines, particularly limiting recreational screen time, is associated with higher academic achievement in school-aged children. These findings highlight the potential value of integrated movement behavior strategies for educational outcomes and underscore the need for longitudinal research to clarify underlying mechanisms.