The present work theoretically and experimentally provides an insight into the internal mechanism of Li ⁺ transport within an artificial hybrid SEI layer consisting of lithium-antimony (Li ₃ Sb) alloy and lithium fluoride (LiF).

The synthesis of NH₃ is mainly dominated by the traditional energy-consuming Haber–Bosch process with a mass of CO₂ emission. Electrochemical conversion of N₂ to NH₃ emerges as a carbon-free process for the sustainable artificial N₂ reduction reaction (NRR), but requires an efficient and stable electrocatalyst. Here, we report that the Mo₂C nanorod serves as an excellent NRR electrocatalyst for artificial N₂ fixation to NH₃ with strong durability and acceptable selectivity under ambient conditions. Such a catalyst shows a high Faradaic efficiency of 8.13% and NH₃ yield of 95.1 μg h^–1 mg^–1_cat at −0.3 V in 0.1 M HCl, surpassing the majority of reported electrochemical conversion NRR catalysts. Density functional theory calculation was carried out to gain further insight into the catalytic mechanism involved.

MoO₃ nanosheets act as an efficient electrocatalyst for N₂ fixation to NH₃ with excellent selectivity at ambient conditions. In 0.1 M HCl, they show high activity with an NH₃ yield of 4.80 × 10⁻¹⁰ mol s⁻¹ cm⁻² (29.43 μg h⁻¹ mg_cat.⁻¹) and a faradaic efficiency of 1.9%.

Polyamine/MIL-101(Cr) composites exhibit excellent CO₂ capture ability at 0.15 bar and low temperatures.