With the exponential growth of remote sensing images in recent years, there has been a significant increase in demand for micro-target detection. Recently, effective detection methods for small targets have emerged; however, for micro-targets (even fewer pixels than small targets), most existing methods are not fully competent in feature extraction, target positioning, and rapid classification. This study proposes an enhanced detection method, especially for micro-targets, in which a combined loss function (consisting of NWD and CIOU) is used instead of a singular CIOU loss function. In addition, the lightweight Content-Aware Reassembly of Features (CARAFE) replaces the original bilinear interpolation upsampling algorithm, and a spatial pyramid structure is added into the network model’s small target layer. The proposed algorithm undergoes training and validation utilizing the benchmark dataset known as AI-TOD. Compared to speed-oriented YOLOv7-tiny, the mAP0.5 and mAP0.5:0.95 of our improved algorithm increased from 42.0% and 16.8% to 48.7% and 18.9%, representing improvements of 6.7% and 2.1%, respectively, while the detection speed was almost equal to that of YOLOv7-tiny. Furthermore, our method was also tested on a dataset of multi-scale targets, which contains small targets, medium targets, and large targets. The results demonstrated that mAP0.5:0.95 increased from “9.8%, 54.8%, and 68.2%” to “12.6%, 55.6%, and 70.1%” for detection across different scales, indicating improvements of 2.8%, 0.8%, and 1.9%, respectively. In summary, the presented method improves detection metrics for micro-targets in various scenarios while satisfying the requirements of detection speed in a real-time system.

Integrating machine learning into computer architecture simulation offers a new approach to performance analysis, moving away from traditional algorithmic methods. While existing simulators accurately replicate hardware, they often suffer from slow execution, complex documentation, and require deep CPU knowledge, limiting their usability for quick insights. This paper presents a deep learning-based approach for simulating a key CPU component, cache memory. Our model “learns” cache characteristics by observing cache miss distributions, without needing detailed manual modeling. This method accelerates simulations and adapts to different program needs, demonstrating accuracy comparable to traditional simulators. Tested on Sysbench and image processing algorithms, it shows promise for faster, scalable, and hardware-independent simulations.