More than 10 years have passed since the coining of the term volunteered geographic information (VGI) in 2007. This article presents the results of a review of the literature concerning VGI. A total of 346 articles published in 24 international refereed journals in GIScience between 2007 and 2017 have been reviewed. The review has uncovered varying levels of popularity of VGI research over space and time, and varying interests in various sources of VGI (e.g. OpenStreetMap) and VGI-related terms (e.g. user-generated content) that point to the multi-perspective nature of VGI. Content-wise, using latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA), this study has extracted 50 specific research topics pertinent to VGI. The 50 topics have been subsequently clustered into 13 intermediate topics and three overarching themes to allow a hierarchical topic review. The overarching VGI research themes include (1) VGI contributions and contributors, (2) main fields applying VGI, and (3) conceptions and envisions. The review of the articles under the three themes has revealed the progress and the points that demand attention regarding the individual topics. This article also discusses the areas that the existing research has not yet adequately explored and proposes an agenda for potential future research endeavors.

Urbanization is generally believed to contribute to dietary patterns that increase the risk of non-communicable disease (NCD). However, empirical evidence using nuanced measures of urbanization and longitudinal data is limited. This study examines the link between urbanization and dietary patterns in Indonesia, the largest country in Southeast Asia, between 2000 and 2015. Results show that urbanisation is associated with dietary patterns conducive to increased NCD risk-for example, high in soft drinks and ultra-processed foods-but also with higher consumption of healthier foods such as vegetables and fish. Results highlight important non-linearities and draw attention to the need to refrain from generalizations about the effect of urbanization on nutritional health.

Presettlement land survey records (PLSRs) of North America provide insights into the landscape before European disturbance and have been used in various ecological studies. The usefulness of the data, however, varies with their characteristics and qualities. The purpose of this paper is to examine the geographic characteristics of PLSRs, to review PLSR studies in the last five decades and trends in these studies based on the geographic characteristics that have been analysed, and to investigate data quality issues concerning the PLSRs. The framework used in this examination is that of Geographic Information Science (GIScience), including geographic characteristics of space, theme and time, and data quality components of lineage, positional accuracy, attribute accuracy, logical consistency and completeness. The results show that different types of PLSRs have distinct geographic characteristics, especially regarding the spatial characteristics of shape and size/resolution. Prior studies have used PLSRs in six modes of analysis, with presettlement vegetation patterns and compositions analysed most often. Data quality investigations suggest that whether the potential quality issues will influence an analysis depends on the study purpose and the spatial extent of interest. In cases of studying vegetation dynamics of small areas, the positional accuracy of landscape features is essential, while this issue may not impede large area reconstruction. Finally, thoughts concerning future research avenues are presented. This study uses a GIScience framework to provide a more systematic and comprehensive examination of the usefulness and limitations of PLSRs than previous studies, and can assist future research to employ the data most appropriately.