This study systematically examines the relationship between mindfulness and metacognition among Chinese college students through a person-centered analytical approach. Using latent profile analysis (LPA) of Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) responses, we identified four distinct mindfulness profiles: (1) High Observation/Low Non-reactivity, (2) High Awareness/Judging, (3) Moderately Mindful, and (4) Highly Mindful. Gender differences were observed across profiles, with female students more represented in the Highly Mindful group. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that mindfulness profiles significantly predicted metacognitive ability, with the Highly Mindful group demonstrating superior metacognitive self-regulation and learning strategy application. These findings contribute to the literature by identifying distinct mindfulness subtypes and their differential relationships with metacognition. The results suggest that educational interventions emphasizing non-judgmental present-moment awareness may be particularly effective for fostering students’ metacognitive development, while highlighting the importance of considering individual differences in mindfulness training approaches.

The solar radiation pressure (SRP) model, as a key factor affecting the precise orbit determination (POD) accuracy of navigation satellites, is related to the state and optical properties of the satellite surface. This study establishes a high-precision SRP model for BDS-3 medium earth orbit (MEO) satellites manufactured by the China Academy of Space Technology based on the satellite engineering parameters, which comprises the satellites’ size and optical properties measured before launch. Then, the physical-based SRP model is re-constructed into the body-fixed coordinate as the function of the Sun elongation angle. The use of the hybrid SRP model, combining the reconstructed SRP model and the 5-parameter ECOM, results in a better POD performance. The orbit results, validated using satellite laser ranging (SLR) observations, show that the radial precision of approximately 3–4 cm can be achieved, with a reduction of the bias by up to 38% and a removal of the systematic error related to the Sun elongation angle in SLR residuals. Considering the possible degradation of the reconstructed SRP model with the engineering parameters, the evolution of SRP accelerations along with orbit quality based on a time series from over 5 years was studied. The results indicate that a variation of the total SRP acceleration for the BDS-3 satellites is minor and there is no apparent degradation in validations of 2019–2023, which proved the reliability and usability of the proposed SRP model for the BDS-3 MEO satellites.

Background: The relationship between online risk exposure and depression among college students has aroused great attention in academic and educational circles. This study constructs a structural equation model to examine the role of emotional security and Suppress Happiness in the relationship between online risk exposure and depression among college students.Methods: A total of 986 Chinese college students (M = 19.74 years old, 64.6% female) participated in an online survey on online risk exposure scale, emotional security questionnaire, Suppress Happiness scale and depression scale. Descriptive analysis, correlation analysis, stepwise regression analysis, and structural equation modeling analysis were performed on the collected data.Results: Online risk exposure positively correlates with suppressed happiness and depression, but negatively with emotional security. Emotional security, in turn, negatively relates to suppressed happiness and depression. Emotional security (standardized indirect effect = 0.030, 95% CI: 0.011–0.064) and Suppress Happiness (standardized indirect effect = 0.112, 95% CI: 0.082–0.154) mediated the relationship between online risk exposure and depression, and they (standardized indirect effect = 0.008, 95% CI: 0.003–0.018) also had a serial mediating effect.Conclusion: Online risk exposure can not only directly trigger depression among college students, but also indirectly induce depression by enhancing emotional insecurity and Suppress Happiness, along with their chain-mediated effects. This study provides the theoretical basis and practical guidance for college students in the Internet era to reduce online risk exposure, prevent and treat depression.

Wide-field imaging systems are faced with the problem of massive image information processing and transmission. Due to the limitation of data bandwidth and other factors, it is difficult for the current technology to process and transmit massive images in real-time. With the requirement for fast response, the demand for real-time on-orbit image processing is increasing. In practice, nonuniformity correction is an important preprocessing step to improve the quality of surveillance images. This paper presents a new real-time on-orbit nonuniform background correction method, which only uses the local pixels of a single row output in real-time, breaking the dependence of the traditional algorithm on the whole image information. Combined with the FPGA pipeline design, when the local pixels of a single row are read out, the processing is completed, and no cache is required at all, which saves the resource overhead in hardware design. It achieves microsecond-level ultra-low latency. The experimental results show that under the influence of strong stray light and strong dark current, our real-time algorithm has a better image quality improvement effect compared with the traditional algorithm. It will greatly help the on-orbit real-time moving target recognition and tracking.

Despite evidence supporting the relationship between online risk exposure and anxiety, the underlying mechanisms remain underexplored. This study aimed to construct and validate a chain-mediation structural equation model to investigate how online risk exposure influences anxiety among college students. Data was collected online in April 2023 from a sample of college students (N = 986, 64.6% female) using validated scales measuring online risk exposure, negative attribution, interpersonal security, and anxiety. The results showed that online risk exposure not only directly exacerbates anxiety but also indirectly affects it through three distinct pathways: negative attribution, interpersonal insecurity, and their chain relationship. These mediation effects accounted for 41.16%, 20.47%, and 4.65% of the total effects, respectively. These findings highlight the importance of targeted interventions aimed at reducing online risk exposure, improving negative attribution styles, and enhancing interpersonal security among college students. The study concludes by discussing its limitations and proposing directions for future research.