The purpose of this study is to explore the possibility of using graphene–zinc oxide–hydroxyapatite (GO/ZnO/nHAp) composite microspheres as bone regeneration materials by making use of the complementary advantages of nanocomposites, so as to provide reference for the clinical application of preventing and solving bacterial infection after implantation of synthetic materials. Firstly, GO/ZnO composites and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles were synthesized using the hydrothermal method, and then GO/ZnO/nHAp composite microspheres were prepared via high-temperature sintering. The graphene–zinc oxide–calcium phosphate composite microspheres were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), energy dispersion spectroscopy (EDS), water contact angle measurement, degradation and pH determination, and differential thermal analysis (DiamondTG/DTA). The biocompatibility, osteogenic activity, and antibacterial activity of GO/ZnO/nHAp composite microspheres were further studied. The results of the cell experiment and antibacterial experiment showed that 0.5% and 1% GO-ZnO-nHAp composite microspheres not only had good biocompatibility and osteogenic ability but also inhibited Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus by more than 45% and 70%. Therefore, GO/ZnO/nHAp composite microspheres have good physical and chemical properties and show good osteogenic induction and antibacterial activity, and this material has the possibility of being used as a bone regeneration material.

In this study, a graphene oxide (GO)/zinc oxide (ZnO)/hydroxyapatite (nHAp) composite coating was constructed on a pure titanium surface by microarc oxidation (MAO) pretreatment combined with hydrothermal technology (HT), thereby making it possible to explore the performance optimization of this coating for Ti-based implants. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), an energy dispersion spectrometer (EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Ramam spectroscopy (Ramam), etc., confirmed that the GO/ZnO/nHAp composites were successfully loaded onto the pure Ti surfaces. Through nanoindentation, differential thermal analysis (DiamondTG/DTA), and dynamic polarization potential detection, the GO/ZnO/nHAp composite coating imparts excellent nanohardness (2.7 + 1.0 GPa), elastic modulus (53.5 + 1.0 GPa), thermal stability, and corrosion resistance to pure Ti implants; hemolysis rate analysis, CCK-8, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) detection, alizarin red staining, and other experiments further show that the coating improves the hemocompatibility, biocompatibility, and bone guidance of the Ti implant surface. Studies have shown that GO/ZnO/nHAp composite coatings can effectively optimize the mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, biocompatibility, and bone guidance of pure Ti implants, so that they can obtain an elastic modulus that matches human bone.

In this work, a CdTe quantum dot-based fluorescent probe was synthesized to determine felodipine (FEL). The synthesis conditions, structure, and interaction conditions with FEL of CdTe quantum dots were analysed by fluorescence spectrophotometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–visible spectroscopy, and TEM. The CdTe QD concentration was 2.0 × 10⁻⁴ mol/L. The amount of quantum dots controlled in the experiment was 0.8 mL. The controlled feeding ratio of N (Cd²⁺):N (Te²⁻):N (TGA) was 2:1:4, the heating temperature was 140 °C, the heating time was 60 min, and the pH of the QD precursor was adjusted to 11 for subsequent experiments. The UV–visible spectrum showed that the emission wavelength of CdTe quantum dots at 545 nm was the strongest and symmetric. The particle size of the synthesized quantum dots was approximately 5 nm. In the interaction of CdTe quantum dots with FEL, the FEL dosage was 1.0 mL, the optimal pH value of Tris-HCl buffer was 8.2, the amount of buffer was 1.5 mL, and the reaction time was 20 min. The standard curve of FEL was determined under the optimal synthesis conditions of CdTe quantum dots and reaction of CdTe quantum dots with FEL. The linear equation was Y = 3.9448x + 50.068, the correlation coefficient R2 was 0.9986, and the linear range was 5 × 10⁻⁶–1.1 × 10⁻⁴ mol/L. A CdTe quantum dot-based fluorescent probe was successfully constructed and could be used to determine the FEL tablet content.

According to the complementary advantages of the composites, the degradation rate, biological activity and physical and chemical properties of the composites were adjusted by using the hydrophilic and bioactive advantages of soy protein isolate (SPI) on the basis of toughening PLA by polycaprolactone (PCL). In this study, soy protein isolate/polylactic acid–polycaprolactone (SPI/PLA–PCL) composite microspheres were fabricated via double emulsion–solvent evaporation. SPI was introduced to regulate hydrophilicity, biodegradation, and bioactivity based on PCL–toughened PLA. The microspheres were characterized by SEM, EDS, FTIR, and XRD. Hydrophilicity, thermal stability, and degradation behavior were evaluated via water contact angle, TG/DTA, and in vitro degradation assays. Biocompatibility, hemocompatibility, and osteogenic activity were assessed through cell adhesion, hemolysis, CCK–8, ALP, alizarin red staining, and mineralization tests. Results confirmed the successful preparation of SPI/PLA–PCL microspheres. SPI incorporation enhanced hydrophilicity, degradation rate, and cell adhesion. The composite microspheres exhibited favorable thermal stability, hemocompatibility, biocompatibility, and osteogenic induction. The 50% SPI/PLA–PCL group performed optimally in cell proliferation, adhesion, ALP activity, and mineralization, demonstrating promising potential for bone tissue engineering applications.

Titanium and titanium alloys have been widely used in clinical implants such as dental implants due to their high strength and corrosion resistance. However, their inherent biological inertness and mismatch with the elastic modulus of human bone tissue restrict bone healing and reconstruction. In this study, pure titanium was first modified by micro-arc oxidation (MAO), and then a biodegradable soybean protein isolate (SPI)/polylactic acid (PLA)–polycaprolactone (PCL) composite coating was prepared by using the spin-coating method. The coating was systematically characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), an energy spectrometer (EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and atomic force microscopy (AFM), confirming that the composite coating was successfully prepared. An evaluation of the physical and chemical properties showed that the introduction of SPI significantly improved the hydrophilicity, surface roughness and adhesion to the substrate of the coating, regulated the degradation rate, and reduced the elastic modulus to the range of 10–30 GPa, which matches human bone tissue. At the same time, it enhanced corrosion resistance. In vitro MC3T3-E1 osteoblast experiments showed that the coating containing 50% SPI showed better cell compatibility, adhesion ability and osteogenic inducibility, and all groups had good blood compatibility. The SPI/PLA–PCL composite coating effectively improves the biological activity of the pure titanium surface and provides a feasible strategy for the surface modification of titanium implants and bone defect repair.