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Xiaoshu Cao
Shaanxi Normal University Academy of Natural Resources and Territorial Space, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China

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Journal article
Published: 22 April 2020 in Journal of Rural Studies
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The impact of settlements isolation and land-use changes on poverty is often overlooked. This study explored the spatial pattern and impact of settlements isolation and land use changes on poverty in Guizhou, a mountainous province of China, based on a Pearson correlation analysis and geographically weighted regression (GWR). The results showed that the incidence of high poverty levels in the counties of Guizhou tended to move from the southwest to the southeast over the period of 2005–2015. Both settlements isolation and land use changes had an impact on poverty, and this effect displayed spatial heterogeneity. With other factors unchanged, a 1 m increase in settlements isolation was associated with a statistically significant 0.58% increase in poverty incidence. Changes in the area of crop land, water, and forest land had a significant impact on poverty. The authors suggest that in the process of resettlement, the distance between settlements should be kept less than 5000 m if possible. The government needs to further improve and implement preferential land use policies, with appropriate increases in the area of built-up land.

ACS Style

Jianbin Xu; Jie Song; Baochao Li; Dan Liu; Dong Wei; Xiaoshu Cao. Do settlements isolation and land use changes affect poverty? Evidence from a mountainous province of China. Journal of Rural Studies 2020, 76, 163 -172.

AMA Style

Jianbin Xu, Jie Song, Baochao Li, Dan Liu, Dong Wei, Xiaoshu Cao. Do settlements isolation and land use changes affect poverty? Evidence from a mountainous province of China. Journal of Rural Studies. 2020; 76 ():163-172.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jianbin Xu; Jie Song; Baochao Li; Dan Liu; Dong Wei; Xiaoshu Cao. 2020. "Do settlements isolation and land use changes affect poverty? Evidence from a mountainous province of China." Journal of Rural Studies 76, no. : 163-172.

Journal article
Published: 13 March 2020 in Journal of Transport Geography
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The increasing demand for foreign trade in inland areas has led to an increasingly prominent problem of competition between land ports-of-entry (POEs) and sea POEs, and it has also made the comparative study of land POEs and sea POEs cross-border logistics necessary. However, the data used in the existing literature are usually based on surveys or small samples, resulting in inaccurate research results, and most studies generally ignore the spatial heterogeneity of shippers who uses cross-border logistics service and individual preference differences. Taking the international trade between China, Myanmar and Vietnam as an example, and considering the geographical spatial characteristics of various factors, we analyze how geographical factors affect the cross-border logistics routes choice. By using the conditional logit model, the influence of geographical factors on the land POEs and sea POEs cross-border logistics routes choice is compared. The results show that there are significant differences in the characteristics and their influencing factors, which are reflected in the scale of freight, transportation distance, duration, transportation expense, infrastructure quality, geographical location and characteristics of the shippers and POEs. The distance equivalent tool is introduced to calculate the competition balance point of the sea/road POE. The impact mechanism of cross-border logistics choice of land POEs and sea POEs cross-border logistics is explored. Finally, according to the spatial differences of POEs, policy suggestions are proposed.

ACS Style

Shengchao Li; Xiaoshu Cao; Wang Liao; Yongquan He. Factors in the sea ports-of-entry and road ports-of-entry cross-border logistics route choice. Journal of Transport Geography 2020, 84, 102689 .

AMA Style

Shengchao Li, Xiaoshu Cao, Wang Liao, Yongquan He. Factors in the sea ports-of-entry and road ports-of-entry cross-border logistics route choice. Journal of Transport Geography. 2020; 84 ():102689.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shengchao Li; Xiaoshu Cao; Wang Liao; Yongquan He. 2020. "Factors in the sea ports-of-entry and road ports-of-entry cross-border logistics route choice." Journal of Transport Geography 84, no. : 102689.

Journal article
Published: 08 March 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Understanding the driving forces behind built-up land expansion is crucial in urban planning and management. Using the Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration as research area, four landscape metrics were used to analyze landscape characteristics of urban expansion from 1990 to 2015. Spatial autocorrelation analysis was used to study the characteristics of built-up land expansion, while geographical detector was employed to identify the driving forces of urban land growth and their interactions. The results show the extent of built-up land has been increasing, the structure has become more complex, the level of fragmentation has been increasing, and the aggregation degree is in decline. The built-up landscape index shows spatial heterogeneity occurring in the core and peripheral towns of cities, as well as in the core and peripheral areas of the entire region. Also, changes in the built-up landscape index indicate increased spatial aggregation occurring in the past 25 years. Results from the geographical detector show natural, socio-economic, and transportation-related factors have substantial influence on built-up land expansion. Elevation, slope, population density, change in population density, and road network density were shown to have high influencing power. The influencing powers of slope and change in population density were also found to be different from other factors, highlighting their important role in urban development. Also, there were two types of interactions found, enhance nonlinear and enhance bivariate interactions, indicating the compounding influence of interactions between significant determinants. This study provides a new perspective and methodological approach in evaluating the driving forces behind built-up land expansion and their interactions.

ACS Style

Yongwei Liu; Xiaoshu Cao; Tao Li. Identifying Driving Forces of Built-Up Land Expansion Based on the Geographical Detector: A Case Study of Pearl River Delta Urban Agglomeration. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 1759 .

AMA Style

Yongwei Liu, Xiaoshu Cao, Tao Li. Identifying Driving Forces of Built-Up Land Expansion Based on the Geographical Detector: A Case Study of Pearl River Delta Urban Agglomeration. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (5):1759.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yongwei Liu; Xiaoshu Cao; Tao Li. 2020. "Identifying Driving Forces of Built-Up Land Expansion Based on the Geographical Detector: A Case Study of Pearl River Delta Urban Agglomeration." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 5: 1759.

Journal article
Published: 06 June 2019 in Energies
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Controlling and mitigating CO2 emissions is a challenge for the global environment. Furthermore, transportation is one of the major sources of energy consumption and air pollution emissions. For this reason, this paper estimated CO2 emissions by the bottom-up method, and presented spatiotemporal patterns by spatial autocorrelation methods from transportation during the period 2006 to 2016. It further analyzed the impact factors of CO2 emissions in the Pearl River Delta by the Logarithmic Mean Divisa Index (LMDI)decomposition method. The results indicated that from 2006 to 2016, total CO2 emissions increased year by year. Guangzhou and Shenzhen were the major contributors to regional transportation CO2 emissions. From the perspective of different transport modes, intercity passenger transport and freight transport have always been dominant in the past 11 years. The results indicated that aviation transport was the largest contributor, and that travel by road was the second one. The CO2 emissions generated by rail and water transport were much lower than those from aviation. Private cars became the main source of urban passenger transport CO2 emissions, and their advantages kept increasing. The results indicated that the spatial agglomeration trend feature was negatively correlated, and the further the distance, the more similar the attributes. The cumulative contribution values of population, economic development, transport intensity, energy intensity and energy structure were all positive values, while the cumulative contribution values of transport structure and emission factor were negative. The findings of this study offer help for the scientific understanding of those CO2 emissions from transportation, and for adopting effective measures to reduce CO2 emissions and for the development of green transportation.

ACS Style

Xiaoshu Cao; Shishu Ouyang; Dan Liu; Wenyue Yang. Spatiotemporal Patterns and Decomposition Analysis of CO2 Emissions from Transportation in the Pearl River Delta. Energies 2019, 12, 2171 .

AMA Style

Xiaoshu Cao, Shishu Ouyang, Dan Liu, Wenyue Yang. Spatiotemporal Patterns and Decomposition Analysis of CO2 Emissions from Transportation in the Pearl River Delta. Energies. 2019; 12 (11):2171.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xiaoshu Cao; Shishu Ouyang; Dan Liu; Wenyue Yang. 2019. "Spatiotemporal Patterns and Decomposition Analysis of CO2 Emissions from Transportation in the Pearl River Delta." Energies 12, no. 11: 2171.

Journal article
Published: 24 May 2019 in Sustainability
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A new era in the development of multi-airport regions (MARs) has been in China, especially in the construction of global urban areas such as the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA). In order to better understand competition and provide significant advice to support sustainable development of Chinese MARs, this paper takes the GBA-MAR as an example, and then explores the competition between airports in this multi-airport region based on route level and its impact on passenger airport choice using three liner models. According to our findings, competition is concentrated on a few air routes in the Northeast–East Coastal region and the Asia-Pacific region, in which all three airports operate. Although the domestic market of the GBA-MAR has been relatively mature, the international air transport market is still left with considerable room, which is also reflected in connections to the world’s cities and tourist destinations. In addition, the research also found that different airport brands created by route type significantly affected passenger airport choice. Overall, the study revealed that whether from a supply or demand aspect, competition between airports in a multi-airport region—not just airline competition in a single airport—is an important topic.

ACS Style

Wang Liao; Xiaoshu Cao; Shengchao Li. Competition and Sustainability Development of a Multi-Airport Region: A Case Study of the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area. Sustainability 2019, 11, 2958 .

AMA Style

Wang Liao, Xiaoshu Cao, Shengchao Li. Competition and Sustainability Development of a Multi-Airport Region: A Case Study of the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (10):2958.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wang Liao; Xiaoshu Cao; Shengchao Li. 2019. "Competition and Sustainability Development of a Multi-Airport Region: A Case Study of the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area." Sustainability 11, no. 10: 2958.

Journal article
Published: 04 March 2019 in Sustainability
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The commute well-being (CWB) has been associated with the mental health and depends on the positive or negative emotions that occur during the daily commute. This paper analyzes the influencing factors and discusses the structural relationship between CWB and influencing factors, based on our evaluation of the results for daily CWB between different travel modes. We based our analyses on a CWB survey conducted in the central city proper of Xi’an. In contrast to previous studies, this paper investigates two commuting phases, in the morning and evening, to better analyze daily CWB. To conduct a more comprehensive analysis, in addition to considering multi-stage combined travel, the subjective and objective aspects of factors influencing CWB were deepened and expanded. The measurement was based on the Satisfaction with Travel Scale, which was developed based on a method for measuring subjective well-being. The average CWB level of each model was compared by analyzing the variances. The influencing factors were determined by stepwise regression, and the influence mechanism was analyzed using a structural equation model (SEM). The results indicate that CWB in Xi’an was highest for walking, which was followed, in order, by motorcycle, electric bicycle, staff shuttle bus, bicycle, metro, car, taxi, and bus. The result reflects that commuting by bus is associated with more negative emotions in Xi’an. The results of SEM indicate that the built environment does not directly affect CWB, but it will act on CWB by affecting other factors. The travel attitude, commute mode choice, and other travel characteristics affect each other and affect CWB directly and indirectly. Other travel characteristics has the largest total effect on CWB, and the travel attitudes have the largest direct effect. Without considering the travel attitude, reducing traffic congestion, commuting time, and transfer times can significantly improve CWB and reduce negative emotions in the future in Xi’an.

ACS Style

Dong Wei; Xiaoshu Cao; Miaomiao Wang. What Determines the Psychological Well-Being during Commute in Xi’an: The Role of Built Environment, Travel Attitude, and Travel Characteristics. Sustainability 2019, 11, 1328 .

AMA Style

Dong Wei, Xiaoshu Cao, Miaomiao Wang. What Determines the Psychological Well-Being during Commute in Xi’an: The Role of Built Environment, Travel Attitude, and Travel Characteristics. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (5):1328.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dong Wei; Xiaoshu Cao; Miaomiao Wang. 2019. "What Determines the Psychological Well-Being during Commute in Xi’an: The Role of Built Environment, Travel Attitude, and Travel Characteristics." Sustainability 11, no. 5: 1328.

Journal article
Published: 24 January 2019 in Scientific Reports
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In order to give an in-depth understanding of the contradictions arising from the land resource supply and demand, this study selected 30 provinces (some are autonomous regions or municipalities) in China to be the research unit, used the carbon emission as an undesirable output, and adopted the Super-SBM DEA model and ESDA-GWR method to research the evolution characteristics and influencing factors of land use efficiency in China in 2003-2013. The results indicated that: (1) The land use efficiency in China overall was moderately ineffective and the overall utilization level was low; (2) The Global Spatial Autocorrelation was instable and had maintained a high level; (3) The "hot spots" mainly being distributed in the southeast coastal regions and "cold spots" being found in the central and western regions, so that as time goes on, the pattern of "high in the east and low in the west" has been gradually formed and stabilized. (4) The GWR model analysis showed that the natural factors such as NDVI, DMSP/OLS and DEM have a significant impact on land use efficiency, thereby providing an important contribution to this study. For the eastern coastal areas, the emphasis should be improving their OT, PF and PGDP, for the western region, should focus on improving its comprehensive economic development level to improve the DMSP/OLS, while strengthening the ecological environment to improve the level of NDVI.

ACS Style

Xiaoshu Cao; Yongwei Liu; Tao Li; Wang Liao. Analysis of Spatial Pattern Evolution and Influencing Factors of Regional Land Use Efficiency in China Based on ESDA-GWR. Scientific Reports 2019, 9, 520 .

AMA Style

Xiaoshu Cao, Yongwei Liu, Tao Li, Wang Liao. Analysis of Spatial Pattern Evolution and Influencing Factors of Regional Land Use Efficiency in China Based on ESDA-GWR. Scientific Reports. 2019; 9 (1):520.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xiaoshu Cao; Yongwei Liu; Tao Li; Wang Liao. 2019. "Analysis of Spatial Pattern Evolution and Influencing Factors of Regional Land Use Efficiency in China Based on ESDA-GWR." Scientific Reports 9, no. 1: 520.

Journal article
Published: 03 April 2018 in Sustainability
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Urban public transit is an important solution for narrowing the mobility gap between captive riders and choice riders and to address issues of social equity. An equitable transit system essentially could meet the needs of transit dependents and maximize the scope of public transit services. To acquire a better understanding of transit equity, we use Lorenz curves and the GINI coefficient to measure the relative supply of public transit to the population and employ the spatial overlay method to analyze the matching degree of transit supply and demand in Guangzhou, China. The findings show that there are obvious and unequal differences between the levels of transit service in the internal zones. The spatial coverage rate and number of stop services of the outer city are significantly less than that of the inner and middle city. Eighty percent of the population shares only 36.7% of the public transit supply in Guangzhou. Most communities of low-supply and high-need public transit are distributed contiguously in the eastern Baiyun and southern Huadu districts. This distribution pattern is beneficial to the transit agency, which could improve the supply in these areas to avoid the risk caused when a large number of residents lack access to public transit services. The results could serve as an excellent foundation for planning the handling of spatial gaps in the Guangzhou public transit supply.

ACS Style

Xiaoshu Cao; Huiling Chen; Feiwen Liang; Wulin Wang. Measurement and Spatial Differentiation Characteristics of Transit Equity: A Case Study of Guangzhou, China. Sustainability 2018, 10, 1069 .

AMA Style

Xiaoshu Cao, Huiling Chen, Feiwen Liang, Wulin Wang. Measurement and Spatial Differentiation Characteristics of Transit Equity: A Case Study of Guangzhou, China. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (4):1069.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xiaoshu Cao; Huiling Chen; Feiwen Liang; Wulin Wang. 2018. "Measurement and Spatial Differentiation Characteristics of Transit Equity: A Case Study of Guangzhou, China." Sustainability 10, no. 4: 1069.

Journal article
Published: 31 March 2018 in Transport Policy
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Rail transit investment has increased greatly because of its potential to attract choice riders to switch from driving to transit. However, there is limited knowledge about the impacts of rail transit on driving, particularly in fast-growing developing countries. Furthermore, many studies are subject to one or more limitations from methodological and practical perspectives. Using the 2014 data from Xi'an, this paper employs both cross-sectional and quasi-longitudinal analyses to examine how metro transit influences driving. The quasi-longitudinal analysis shows that moving into metro neighborhoods is negatively associated with change in driving although the cross-sectional analysis shows no effect. Therefore, the results based on cross-sectional analysis may be misleading. Taken all together, metro transit development and the design of station-area neighborhoods have the potential to reduce driving, and mitigate its impact on environment and slow the growth of traffic congestion.

ACS Style

Xiaoyan Huang; Xinyu (Jason) Cao; Jiangbin Yin; Xiaoshu Cao. Can metro transit reduce driving? Evidence from Xi'an, China. Transport Policy 2018, 81, 350 -359.

AMA Style

Xiaoyan Huang, Xinyu (Jason) Cao, Jiangbin Yin, Xiaoshu Cao. Can metro transit reduce driving? Evidence from Xi'an, China. Transport Policy. 2018; 81 ():350-359.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xiaoyan Huang; Xinyu (Jason) Cao; Jiangbin Yin; Xiaoshu Cao. 2018. "Can metro transit reduce driving? Evidence from Xi'an, China." Transport Policy 81, no. : 350-359.

Article
Published: 22 November 2017 in Sustainability
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A longer, wider and more complicated change in the travel path is put forward to adapt to the rapidly increasing expansion of metropolises in the field of urban travel. Urban travel requires higher levels of sustainable urban transport. Therefore,this paper explores the circuity characteristics of urban travel and investigates the temporal relationship between time and travel circuity and the spatial relationship between distance and travel circuity to understand the efficiency of urban travel. Based on Guangzhou Taxi-GPS big data, travel circuity is considered in this paper to analyze the circuity spatial distribution and strength characteristics of urban travel in three types of metropolitan regions, including core areas, transition areas and fringe areas. Depending on the different attributes of the three types, the consistency and dissimilar characteristics of travel circuity and influencing factors of travel circuity in metropolises are discussed. The results are shown as follows: (1) by observing the temporal andspatial distribution of travel circuity, it can be found that peaks and troughs change with time, and travel circuity of transition areas is higher than other areas during the peak period. When travelling in these three regions, travel circuity spatial distribution is consistent, which is the core-periphery distribution. When travelling among these three regions, travel circuity spatial distribution is distinct; (2) by analyzing the relationship between time and distance of travel and travel circuity, it can be seen that the shorter the travel time or travel distance, the greater the travel circuity, resulting in a lower travel efficiency; (3) the influence of six factors, including population, road and public transportation, on travel circuity is significant. Whether it is the origin point or destination point, when its location is closer to the city center and the station density of grid is lower, the travel circuity is higher.

ACS Style

Xiaoshu Cao; Feiwen Liang; Huiling Chen; Yongwei Liu. Circuity Characteristics of Urban Travel Based on GPS Data: A Case Study of Guangzhou. Sustainability 2017, 9, 2156 .

AMA Style

Xiaoshu Cao, Feiwen Liang, Huiling Chen, Yongwei Liu. Circuity Characteristics of Urban Travel Based on GPS Data: A Case Study of Guangzhou. Sustainability. 2017; 9 (11):2156.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xiaoshu Cao; Feiwen Liang; Huiling Chen; Yongwei Liu. 2017. "Circuity Characteristics of Urban Travel Based on GPS Data: A Case Study of Guangzhou." Sustainability 9, no. 11: 2156.