Myocardial infarction (MI) poses a serious health threat to diabetic patients, who are particularly vulnerable due to heightened oxidative stress. The dietary oxidative balance score (DOBS) quantifies the overall oxidative profile of the diet and may reflect diet-related cardiovascular risk. This study aimed to evaluate the association between DOBS and the risk of MI among diabetic individuals using a nationally representative U.S. population. We analyzed data from 5,002 diabetic participants in the NHANES 1999–2018 cycles. DOBS was calculated based on 16 pro- and antioxidant nutrients using two 24-hour dietary recalls. Logistic regression models and 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM) were employed to assess the association between DOBS and self-reported history of MI, adjusting for demographic, clinical, and lifestyle covariates. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) models were used to evaluate potential nonlinear relationships. A one-point increase in DOBS was associated with a 3% lower odds of MI in both unadjusted and fully adjusted models (adjusted OR = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.95–0.99). Participants in the highest DOBS tertile had a 38% lower odds of MI compared to the lowest tertile (OR = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.43–0.87), and this association remained consistent in the matched cohort (OR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.48–0.88). While formal tests for nonlinearity were not significant, RCS curves suggested a threshold effect with diminishing benefits at higher DOBS levels. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the findings. Higher DOBS is associated with a lower likelihood of MI among diabetic patients. These findings highlight the potential value of antioxidant-rich dietary patterns in cardiovascular risk assessment. However, given geographic and cultural variability in diet, further validation is needed in diverse populations and prospective study settings.

(1) Background: Epidemiological studies on the relationship between serum copper and hypertension are contradictory. We assessed the relationship between serum copper and blood pressure among adults in the United States. (2) Methods: We divided hypertension into two categories: treated hypertension and untreated hypertension. Linear or logistic regression analysis was applied to investigate the association between serum copper concentrations and blood pressure levels. (3) Results: As compared to quartile 1, the odds ratios (ORs) for untreated hypertension in quartiles 2, 3, and 4 were 1.02 (0.74–1.42), 1.23 (0.88–1.72), and 1.08 (0.74–1.58), respectively, in multivariable analysis (all p > 0.05). In non-hypertension, as compared with quartile 1, the β (95% CI) of systolic blood pressure for quartiles 2, 3, and 4 was −0.92 (−2.07–0.23), −0.05 (−1.30–1.20), and −0.48 (−1.83–0.88), respectively, in multivariable analysis (all p > 0.05). As compared to quartile 1, the ORs for treated hypertension in quartiles 2, 3, and 4 were 1.36 (0.88–2.10), 1.35 (0.87–2.09), and 1.56 (0.98–2.47), respectively, upon multivariable analysis including antihypertensive medication use as a covariate (all p > 0.05). Furthermore, 1SD increase in serum copper was non-significantly associated with 1.16 (0.97–1.37)-fold increased risk of hypertension in multivariable analysis (p = 0.096). (4) Conclusion: In the present study, we discovered that the serum copper concentration was not related with hypertension or blood pressure levels. Antihypertensive drug use may distort the correlation between copper and blood pressure levels. Information on antihypertensive drug use may be taken into account when identifying new risk factors for hypertension.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the association between abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) and coronary heart disease (CHD) in essential hypertension (EH). Methods: This study included patients diagnosed with EH during the 2013–2014 NHANES survey cycle. The study cohort was categorized into the following four groups based on their AAC-24 score: no AAC (0); mild AAC (1–4); moderate AAC (5–15); and severe AAC (16–24). Logistic regression models were used to assess the association between AAC and CHD. Restricted cubic spline curves (RCS) were used to explore possible nonlinear relationships between AAC and CHD. Results: The prevalence of CHD was found to be higher in the moderate AAC and severe AAC groups than in the group without AAC (40.1% versus 30.9%, 47.7% versus 30.9%). On a continuous scale, the fully adjusted model showed a 7% increase in the risk of CHD prevalence per score increase in AAC [OR (95% CI) = 1.07 (1.03–1.11)]. On a categorical scale, the fully adjusted model showed the risk of CHD prevalence in EH patients with moderate AAC and severe AAC was 2.06 (95%CI, 1.23–3.45) and 2.18 (1.09–5.25) times higher than that in patients without AAC, respectively. The RCS curve suggested a dose-response linear relationship between AAC and CHD. Conclusion: These findings highlight that in patients with EH, a higher severity of AAC is associated with a higher risk of CHD prevalence.

N/a Received: 01 December 2024 Accepted: 16 April 2025 Accepted Manuscript online: 22 April 2025 © . The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, permitting unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction so long as the original work is properly cited. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Georg Thieme Verlag KG Oswald-Hesse-Straße 50, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany