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SunHee Kim
Department of Local Government Administration, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung-si 25457, Korea

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Journal article
Published: 31 December 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Along with the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, beliefs in conspiracy theories are spreading within and across countries. This study aims to analyze predictors of beliefs in conspiracy theories. Because previous studies have emphasized only specific political, psychological, or structural factors or variables, this study constructs an integrated analytical model that includes all three factors. We analyze data from a large-scale survey of Koreans (N = 1525) and find several results. First, political, psychological, and structural factors influence beliefs in conspiracy theories. Second, when we examine the specific influences of the variables, we find that authoritarianism, support for minority parties, religiosity, trust in SNS (social networking services), perceived risk, anxiety, negative emotions, blame attribution, the quantity of information, health status, and health after COVID-19, all positively influence beliefs in conspiracy theories. Conversely, support for President Moon Jae-In’s government, Christianity, trust in the government, perceived control, analytic thinking, knowledge, the quality of information, and gender, all negatively impact these beliefs. Among the predictors, the quality of information, health status, support for President Moon Jae-In’s government, perceived risk, and anxiety have the most decisive impacts on beliefs in conspiracy theories.

ACS Style

Seoyong Kim; SunHee Kim. Searching for General Model of Conspiracy Theories and Its Implication for Public Health Policy: Analysis of the Impacts of Political, Psychological, Structural Factors on Conspiracy Beliefs about the COVID-19 Pandemic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 18, 266 .

AMA Style

Seoyong Kim, SunHee Kim. Searching for General Model of Conspiracy Theories and Its Implication for Public Health Policy: Analysis of the Impacts of Political, Psychological, Structural Factors on Conspiracy Beliefs about the COVID-19 Pandemic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 18 (1):266.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Seoyong Kim; SunHee Kim. 2020. "Searching for General Model of Conspiracy Theories and Its Implication for Public Health Policy: Analysis of the Impacts of Political, Psychological, Structural Factors on Conspiracy Beliefs about the COVID-19 Pandemic." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 1: 266.

Journal article
Published: 26 November 2020 in Sustainability
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False information about COVID-19 is being produced and disseminated on a large scale, impeding efforts to rapidly impose quarantines. Thus, in addition to the COVID-19 pandemic itself, an infodemic related with it is leading to social crises. This study therefore investigates who believes the misinformation that is being produced in the context of COVID-19. We choose two main factors—risk perception factor, so called psychometric paradigm, and communication factor—as independent variables that can affect belief in misinformation related to COVID-19. The results show that, among psychometric variables, perceived risk and stigma positively impact belief in fake news, whereas perceived benefit and trust have negative effects. Among communication factors, source credibility and the quantity of information reduce belief in fake news, whereas the credibility of information sources increases these beliefs. Stigma has the greatest explanatory power among the variables, followed by health status, heuristic information processing, trust, and subjective social class.

ACS Style

Seoyong Kim; SunHee Kim. The Crisis of Public Health and Infodemic: Analyzing Belief Structure of Fake News about COVID-19 Pandemic. Sustainability 2020, 12, 9904 .

AMA Style

Seoyong Kim, SunHee Kim. The Crisis of Public Health and Infodemic: Analyzing Belief Structure of Fake News about COVID-19 Pandemic. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (23):9904.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Seoyong Kim; SunHee Kim. 2020. "The Crisis of Public Health and Infodemic: Analyzing Belief Structure of Fake News about COVID-19 Pandemic." Sustainability 12, no. 23: 9904.

Journal article
Published: 22 November 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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The global spread of COVID-19 requires not only national-level responses but also active compliance with individual-level prevention measures. Because COVID-19 is an infectious disease that spreads through human contact, it is impossible to end its spread without individuals’ active cooperation and preventive behavior. This study analyzes the effects of health beliefs and resource factors on behaviors to prevent COVID-19. In particular, it analyzes how resource factors moderate the impact of health beliefs on preventive behavior. A regression analysis showed that gender (female), age, number of elderly people in one’s family, perceived severity, perceived benefit, self-efficacy, poor family health, media exposure, knowledge, personal health status, and social support positively affected preventive actions, whereas perceived susceptibility negatively affected them. In explaining preventive actions, self-efficacy had the greatest explanatory power, followed by gender (female), knowledge, personal health status, perceived severity, and social support. In addition, an analysis of moderating effects shows that resource variables, such as education level, personal health status, and social support, play moderating roles in inducing preventive actions.

ACS Style

SunHee Kim; Seoyong Kim. Analysis of the Impact of Health Beliefs and Resource Factors on Preventive Behaviors against the COVID-19 Pandemic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 8666 .

AMA Style

SunHee Kim, Seoyong Kim. Analysis of the Impact of Health Beliefs and Resource Factors on Preventive Behaviors against the COVID-19 Pandemic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (22):8666.

Chicago/Turabian Style

SunHee Kim; Seoyong Kim. 2020. "Analysis of the Impact of Health Beliefs and Resource Factors on Preventive Behaviors against the COVID-19 Pandemic." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 22: 8666.

Journal article
Published: 12 October 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Although many risk studies investigate perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors, the causal relationships among them have not yet been verified. Thus, further investigations of these relationships are necessary. This study analyzes three causal models consisting of three components: perceptions (i.e., perceived risk in this study), attitudes (i.e., satisfaction), and behavior (i.e., support for policy). This study checks these relationships in the context of nuclear energy policy. Using a hierarchical regression model, this study tests three different models between the three components: (1) Model 1 (a high-involvement model), (2) Model 2 (a low-involvement model), and (3) Model 3 (a hedonic model). First, in the high-involvement model, behavior is affected by perceptions and attitudes. In particular, attitudes mediate the relationship between risk perceptions and satisfaction. Second, in the low-involvement model, attitudes indirectly affect perceptions through behaviors. Third, in the hedonic model, behaviors affect attitudes, and risk perceptions do not mediate that relationship. This causal model does not depend on perceptions of the benefits and drawbacks of nuclear power. Our analysis shows that Model 1 is fully significant, and Model 2 and 3 are only partially significant.

ACS Style

Byoung Joon Kim; Seoyong Kim; SunHee Kim. Searching for New Directions for Energy Policy: Testing Three Causal Models of Risk Perception, Attitude, and Behavior in Nuclear Energy Context. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 7403 .

AMA Style

Byoung Joon Kim, Seoyong Kim, SunHee Kim. Searching for New Directions for Energy Policy: Testing Three Causal Models of Risk Perception, Attitude, and Behavior in Nuclear Energy Context. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (20):7403.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Byoung Joon Kim; Seoyong Kim; SunHee Kim. 2020. "Searching for New Directions for Energy Policy: Testing Three Causal Models of Risk Perception, Attitude, and Behavior in Nuclear Energy Context." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 20: 7403.

Journal article
Published: 17 December 2018 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Recently, research on service workers’ emotional labor has received considerable attention, both in theory and practice. Emotional labor has been reported to cause both stress and burnout in service workers, eventually leading to a decrease in organizational productivity. In this context, there is also a growing interest in identifying ways to reduce such burnout. This study aimed to examine the influence of emotional labor and job demands–resources (JD–R) on service workers’ burnout. Specifically, we analyzed the direct, indirect, and moderating effects of JD–R on burnout. Data were collected from service workers (N = 1517) in public sectors. Results revealed that three dimensions—emotional labor, intensity/variety, and surface acting—increase burnout, whereas deep acting decreases it. Additionally, job demands were found to increase burnout, while job resources decreased it. Among the job demands, customer contact had the greatest positive impact on burnout, followed by role ambiguity and workload, respectively. Among the job resources, self-efficacy and social support had the greatest negative impact on burnout. Finally, customer contact, role ambiguity, job autonomy, and social support were identified as moderators that worsened or buffered the impact of emotional labor on burnout.

ACS Style

SunHee Kim; Jaesun Wang. The Role of Job Demands–Resources (JDR) between Service Workers’ Emotional Labor and Burnout: New Directions for Labor Policy at Local Government. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2018, 15, 2894 .

AMA Style

SunHee Kim, Jaesun Wang. The Role of Job Demands–Resources (JDR) between Service Workers’ Emotional Labor and Burnout: New Directions for Labor Policy at Local Government. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2018; 15 (12):2894.

Chicago/Turabian Style

SunHee Kim; Jaesun Wang. 2018. "The Role of Job Demands–Resources (JDR) between Service Workers’ Emotional Labor and Burnout: New Directions for Labor Policy at Local Government." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 12: 2894.

Journal article
Published: 04 June 2018 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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The world is turning into a risky society. Although modernization based on the developments in science and technology has increased individuals’ well-being and wealth, the perceived risk toward the complex technological system has increased. In a risky society, social accidents amplify the existing fear among individuals. It is generally assumed that each value, perception, and resource influences the fear of risk. However, very few studies have tested these three factors together within an integrated causal model. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine the determinants that influence the perceived risk in cases of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), a deadly epidemic disease, in Korea. Based on the theoretical model, we analyzed the survey data collected from respondents (N = 814) in Korea. After controlling for variables such as sociodemographic characteristics, we examined how three competing factors, i.e., value, perception, and resource, influence the perceived risk of MERS. The analysis showed that trust and vulnerability variables in the perception factor, health state, and perceived knowledge in the resource factor had a significant impact on the perceived risk of MERS.

ACS Style

SunHee Kim; Seoyong Kim. Exploring the Determinants of Perceived Risk of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) in Korea. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2018, 15, 1168 .

AMA Style

SunHee Kim, Seoyong Kim. Exploring the Determinants of Perceived Risk of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) in Korea. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2018; 15 (6):1168.

Chicago/Turabian Style

SunHee Kim; Seoyong Kim. 2018. "Exploring the Determinants of Perceived Risk of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) in Korea." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 6: 1168.

Journal article
Published: 09 March 2018 in Sustainability
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Recently, trust has been in vogue in the social sciences. However, in risk studies, there have been few causal models of trust. This study proposes and tests a causal model of trust in which (1) source credibility influences trust and (2) two kinds of trust—i.e., trust in government and trust in regulation—affect the perceived risk and acceptance of nuclear energy. Based on survey data with a sample of 1014 local residents living near a nuclear power station, we tested a causal model using structural equation modeling. As for the results of the analysis: first, we confirmed the validity of the proposed causal model of trust. Second, on the causal path, credibility directly influenced trust in government and trust in regulation and indirectly affected the perceived risk and acceptance of nuclear power. Third, the two kinds of trust had (in)direct impacts on perceived risk and acceptance. Trust in regulation had more power to explain perceived risks and acceptance than trust in government. Trust is important, but the kind of trust is more important.

ACS Style

Yeonjae Ryu; SunHee Kim; Seoyong Kim. Does Trust Matter? Analyzing the Impact of Trust on the Perceived Risk and Acceptance of Nuclear Power Energy. Sustainability 2018, 10, 758 .

AMA Style

Yeonjae Ryu, SunHee Kim, Seoyong Kim. Does Trust Matter? Analyzing the Impact of Trust on the Perceived Risk and Acceptance of Nuclear Power Energy. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (3):758.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yeonjae Ryu; SunHee Kim; Seoyong Kim. 2018. "Does Trust Matter? Analyzing the Impact of Trust on the Perceived Risk and Acceptance of Nuclear Power Energy." Sustainability 10, no. 3: 758.

Journal article
Published: 27 November 2017 in Sustainability
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Rumors about nuclear power energy and its risks in terms of technology are common. However, these rumors are sometimes exaggerated and not true. Our research question is what factors and variables have influence the rumors related to the Fukushima nuclear accident. We analyzed data collected through social survey (n = 1572). To measure the dependent variable, we asked respondents whether rumors related to the Fukushima nuclear accident were true or false, and the degree to which they trusted such rumors. We measured three factors in determining belief in rumors: psychometric paradigm, communication, and risk perception. We then analyzed the direct impact of these three factors on belief in rumors and the indirect moderating effect of perceived risk of the Fukushima nuclear accident on the relationship between psychometric factors and belief in rumors. Results show that in the communication factors, source credibility decreases belief in rumors whereas usefulness of information and receiver’s ability increase it. All the psychometric variables have significant impacts on belief in rumors. Perceived benefit, trust, and knowledge decrease belief in rumors, and perceived risk and stigma increase it. Finally, the perceived risk of Fukushima accident plays a role of moderators between psychometric paradigm and belief in rumors.

ACS Style

Seoyong Kim; SunHee Kim. Impact of the Fukushima Nuclear Accident on Belief in Rumors: The Role of Risk Perception and Communication. Sustainability 2017, 9, 2188 .

AMA Style

Seoyong Kim, SunHee Kim. Impact of the Fukushima Nuclear Accident on Belief in Rumors: The Role of Risk Perception and Communication. Sustainability. 2017; 9 (12):2188.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Seoyong Kim; SunHee Kim. 2017. "Impact of the Fukushima Nuclear Accident on Belief in Rumors: The Role of Risk Perception and Communication." Sustainability 9, no. 12: 2188.