Pretrained protein language models are becoming increasingly popular as a backbone for protein property inference tasks such as structure prediction or function annotation, accelerating biological research. However, related research oftentimes does not consider the effects of data leakage from pretraining on the actual downstream task, resulting in potentially unrealistic performance estimates. Reported generalization might not necessarily be reproducible for proteins highly dissimilar from the pretraining set. In this work, we measure the effects of data leakage from protein language model pretraining in the domain of protein thermostability prediction. Specifically, we compare two different dataset split strategies: a pretraining-aware split, designed to avoid similarity between pretraining data and the held-out test sets, and a commonly-used naive split, relying on clustering the training data for a downstream task without taking the pretraining data into account. Our experiments suggest that data leakage from language model pretraining shows consistent effects on melting point prediction across all experiments, distorting the measured performance. The source code and our dataset splits are available at https://github.com/tfiedlerdev/pretraining-aware-hotprot .

Sensor-based human activity recognition is becoming ever more prevalent. The increasing importance of distinguishing human movements, particularly in healthcare, coincides with the advent of increasingly compact sensors. A complex sequence of individual steps currently characterizes the activity recognition pipeline. It involves separate data collection, preparation, and processing steps, resulting in a heterogeneous and fragmented process. To address these challenges, we present a comprehensive framework, HARE, which seamlessly integrates all necessary steps. HARE offers synchronized data collection and labeling, integrated pose estimation for data anonymization, a multimodal classification approach, and a novel method for determining optimal sensor placement to enhance classification results. Additionally, our framework incorporates real-time activity recognition with on-device model adaptation capabilities. To validate the effectiveness of our framework, we conducted extensive evaluations using diverse datasets, including our own collected dataset focusing on nursing activities. Our results show that HARE’s multimodal and on-device trained model outperforms conventional single-modal and offline variants. Furthermore, our vision-based approach for optimal sensor placement yields comparable results to the trained model. Our work advances the field of sensor-based human activity recognition by introducing a comprehensive framework that streamlines data collection and classification while offering a novel method for determining optimal sensor placement.