Plasma-activated water (PAW) has garnered significant attention in agriculture for its ability to stimulate seed germination and plant growth. However, its low concentration of reactive nitrogen species may not fully meet plant nitrogen demands, especially during rapid growth phase. Therefore, in this study, the impact of nitrogen-enriched PAW on the germination and early growth of curly lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. crispa) was investigated. Seed germination percentage, vegetative organ development, and photosynthetic efficiency were assessed over a 7-day period by soaking seeds and irrigating plants with PAW supplemented with various NH₄NO₃ concentrations. Results revealed that while a 60–80 ppm NH₄NO₃ solution was needed for optimal growth, 20 ppm NH₄NO₃ supplementation in PAW (PAW20) effectively stimulated germination and early vegetative development. Specifically, the highest germination percentage was observed in PAW20 samples at 90.56 ± 0.96%, significantly outperforming NH₄NO₃ solution treatments (76.67 ± 1.67%). Nitrogen-enriched PAW also promoted healthier root development, characterized by thicker primary root and more root hairs. The combination of low-dose nitrogen and PAW effectively boosted above-ground growth, including a 10–20% improvement in stem height and leaf expansion compared to plants treated with PAW or NH₄NO₃ solutions. Furthermore, significantly higher chlorophyll concentrations and dry biomass ratios (10–40%) were recorded with PAW20 irrigation compared to other conditions. These findings suggest that actively adjusting nitrogen content in PAW via NH₄NO₃ supplementation greatly enhances its growth-promoting efficiency and can substantially reduce chemical fertilizer use, thereby advancing sustainable agriculture.

In this work, simple methods for the preparation of highly efficient heterogeneous nanocatalysts for the low-temperature oxidation of CO are described. The main advantages of the reaction are high yields. The catalysts based on oxides of copper and manganese supported on alumina monoliths were prepared by different methods: plasma corona discharge and wet impregnation. Structure and physical properties of catalysts were characterized by FT- -IR, XRD, TEM, EDX and TG/DTA. The results showed that the use of a plasma corona discharge at atmospheric pressure for the preparation of the catalysts resulted in smaller particle size and uniform dispersion when compared with the catalysts prepared by wet impregnation methods. The catalytic activities of these catalysts were investigated for complete oxidation of carbon monoxide (3000 ppm) to carbon dioxide in the air at atmospheric pressure. On a single oxide catalyst, 10CuO/monolith was better than 10MnO2/monolith under the same experimental conditions. With multi-oxide catalysts, all catalyst samples are more active than a single-oxide catalyst with the same impregnated content. In particular, the catalyst prepared by plasma corona discharge indicates the best oxidation capacity of carbon monoxide.