Objective: To compare the efficacy of three-dimensional (3D) Schroth exercises in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Design: A randomised-controlled study. Setting: An outpatient exercise-unit and in a home setting. Subjects: Fifty-one patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Interventions: Forty-five patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis meeting the inclusion criteria were divided into three groups. Schroth’s 3D exercises were applied to the first group in the clinic and were given as a home program for the second group; the third group was the control. Main Measures: Scoliosis angle (Cobb method), angle of rotation (scoliometer), waist asymmetry (waist – elbow distance), maximum hump height of the patients and quality of life (QoL) (SRS-23) were assessed pre-treatment and, at the 6^th, 12^th and 24^th weeks. Results: The Cobb (-2.53°; P=0.003) and rotation angles (-4.23°; P=0.000) significantly decreased, which indicated an improvement in the clinic exercise group compared to the other groups. The gibbosity (-68.66mm; P=0.000) and waist asymmetry improved only in the clinic exercise group, whereas the results of the other groups worsened. QoL did not change significantly in either group. Conclusion: According to the results of this study the Schroth exercise program applied in the clinic under physiotherapist supervision was superior to the home exercise and control groups; additionally, we observed that scoliosis progressed in the control group, which received no treatment.

Objectives: Patellofemoral pain syndrome is one of the most common knee problems, with major effects on quality of life and function. The Kujala patellofemoral score is a functional evaluation instrument to evaluate knee problems related to the patellofemoral system. The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity of the Turkish version of the Kujala patellofemoral score in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome.\r\nMethods: After obtaining permission from Kujala et al., the Kujala patellofemoral score was translated into Turkish. The translated version was administered to 40 patients (32 women, 8 men; mean age 33±12 years; range 17 to 54 years) twice at a two-week interval to test internal consistency and test-retest reliability of the scale. All the patients had patellofemoral pain syndrome and did not receive any treatment before administration of the scale. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was used to assess internal consistency and Spearman’s correlation analysis was used to assess test-retest reliability.\r\nResults: Cronbach’s alpha calculated for internal consistency of the Kujala patellofemoral score was 0.84. Correlation coefficients of the items to estimate test-retest reliability ranged from 0.613 (p=0.004) to 1.000 (p=0.000), with the mean correlation coefficient of 0.944 (p=0.000). \r\nConclusion: There has been no functional assessment scale validated for Turkish patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome. Internal consistency of the Turkish version of the Kujala patellofemoral score showed good reliability and test-retest results showed high reliability, suggesting that it is an appropriate functional instrument for Turkish patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome. Özet Amaç: Patellofemoral ağrı sendromu oldukça sık rastlanan bir diz sorunudur. Ağrı hastaların yaşam kalitesini ve fonksiyonel kapasitelerini önemli oranda etkilemektedir. Kujala patellofemoral skorlaması, patellofemoral yapıya bağlı diz yakınmalarında fonksiyonel değerlendirmeye olanak sağlayan bir araçtır. Bu çalışmada, patellofemoral ağrı sendromu olan hastalarda Kujala patellofemoral skorunun Türkçe versiyonunun geçerliği araştırıldı.\r\nÇalışma planı: Kujala ve arkadaşlarından izin alındıktan sonra Kujala patellofemoral skoru Türkçeye çevrildi. Oluşturulan Türkçe skorlama sistemi, iç güvenirliğin ve test-tekrar test güvenirliğinin değerlendirilmesi için, patellofemoral ağrı sendromu olan ve herhangi bir tedavi görmemiş olan 40 hastaya (32 kadın, 8 erkek; ort. yaş 33±12; dağılım 17-54) iki hafta arayla iki kez uygulandı. Soruların iç güvenirliği Cronbach alfa katsayısı ile, test-tekrar test güvenirliği Spearman korelasyon analizi ile değerlendirildi.\r\nSonuçlar: Kujala patellofemoral skorunun iç güvenirlik analizinde Cronbach alfa katsayısı 0.84 olarak hesaplandı. Test-tekrar test değerlendirilmesinde, soruların korelasyon katsayısı 0.613 (p=0.004) ile 1.000 (p=0.000) arasında değişiklik gösterdi. Toplam sonuç için test-tekrar test korelasyon katsayısı 0.944 (p=0.000) bulundu. \r\nÇıkarımlar: Ülkemizde patellofemoral ağrı sendromu olan hastalara uygulanabilecek Türkçe fonksiyonel bir değerlendirme skalası bulunmamaktadır. Bu çalışmada Türkçeye çevrilen Kujala patellofemoral skorunun iç tutarlılığı yeterli bulunmuş ve test-tekrar testlerle yüksek derecede güvenilir olduğu gösterilmiştir. Bu nedenle, patellofemoral ağrı sendromu olan Türk hastaların fonksiyonel değerlendirmesinde uygulanabilir.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the efficiency of Kinesio® taping and electrical stimulation in the treatment of patellofemoral pain syndrome.\r\nMethods: Thirty patients (26 females, 4 females; mean age: 32.9±12.2 years) with patellofemoral pain syndrome were equally divided into two groups; the KT group receiving Kinesio® taping and an exercise program, and the ES group receiving electrical stimulation and the same exercise program. All patients received stretching and strengthening exercises for the lower extremity under the supervision of a physiotherapist in the outpatient unit 3 times a week for 6 weeks (18 sessions). Patients were evaluated for pain (visual analog scale), range of motion (using a goniometer), muscle strength (manual muscle test), functional condition (step test, triple-jump test, knee flexion test and Kujala patellofemoral score), and quality of life (SF-36) before and after treatment.\r\nResults: Visual analog scale scores were reduced by 3.33 and 3.93 and Kujala patellofemoral scores increased by 8.93 and 9.66 for the KT and ES groups, respectively. Both these improvements were statistically significant (p0.05). There were statistically significant improvements in the SF-36 scores in both groups (p0.05).\r\nConclusion: Kinesio® taping and electrical stimulation have similar effects on decreasing pain, improving functional condition, increasing muscle strength and improving quality of life and neither are superior in the treatment of patellofemoral pain syndrome. Özet Amaç: Bu araştırma patellofemoral ağrı sendromunun tedavisinde Kinesio® bantlama ve elektrik stimülasyonunun etkinliğinin karşılaştırılmasını amaçlamaktadır.\r\nÇalışma planı: Yaş ortalaması 32.9±12.2 olan, patellofemoral ağrı sendromlu 30 hasta (26 kadın, 4 erkek) iki gruba ayrıldı. İlk grup Kinesio® bantlama ve egzersiz programına, ikinci grup elektrik stimülasyonu ve egzersiz programına alındı. İki gruptaki tüm katılımcılar altı hafta süre ile (18 seans) alt ekstremite için germe ve güçlendirme egzersizlerini poliklinik ünitesinde haftada üç defa fizyoterapist eşliğinde aldılar. Hastaların ağrısı (görsel analog skala), eklem hareket açıklığı (gonyometre ile), kas gücü (manuel kas testi), fonksiyonel durumu (basamak testi, üçlü sıçrama testi, diz fleksiyon testi ve Kujala patellofemoral skoru) ve yaşam kalitesi (SF-36) tedavi öncesi ve sonrasında değerlendirildi.\r\nBulgular: Ağrı skorunda Kinesio® bantlama için 3.33 cm, elektrik stimülasyonu için 3.93 cm azalırken, Kujala patellofemoral skorları Kinesio® bantlama için 8.93 ve elektrik stimülasyonu için 9.66 arttı. Fonksiyonel testlerde, eklem hareket açıklığı ve kas gücü değerlerinde iyileşmeler gözlenirken, gruplar arasında anlamlı fark görülmedi (p>0.05). SF-36 skorlarında iki grupta da istatistiksel olarak anlamlı iyileşme gözlendi (p0.05).\r\nÇıkarımlar: Kinesio® bantlama ve elektrik stimülasyonu patellofemoral ağrı sendromunun tedavisinde ağrının azalması, fonksiyonel durumun gelişmesi, kas gücünün artması ve yaşam kalitesinin iyileşmesinde benzer etkilere sahiptir ve birbirlerine üstünlükleri bulunmamaktadır.

[Purpose] Physical activity and regular exercise play an important role in glycemic control, which is considered an important part of the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study evaluated physical activity level and its relationship with quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. [Subjects and Methods] We evaluated 129 subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus through a face-to-face interview using the short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and Diabetes-39. Demographic data, diabetes symptoms, time of initial diagnosis, and treatment procedure/approaches were recorded. [Results] Of the study subjects, 51 (39.5%) had low, 67 had moderate (51.9%), and 11 (8.5%) had high activity levels. The mean weekly sitting duration was 302 minutes. The mean weekly walking time was 231.7 minutes. Except for the "diabetes control" domain, scores for all the subgroups and the total score in the quality-of-life assessment had a statistically significant negative correlation with physical activity level. [Discussion] Physical inactivity negatively affects the quality of life of diabetic patients. A planned exercise education program and incorporation of exercise into the lifestyle can improve the quality of life of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

BACKGROUND: Low back pain is one of the most important causes of morbidity. OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to evaluate the effect of Kinesio ® taping on pain, functionality, mobility and endurance in chronic low back pain treatment. METHODS: Pati