Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) can be caused by aging, injury, and genetic factors. The pathological changes associated with IVDD include the excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), cellular pyroptosis, and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation. There are currently no approved specific molecular therapies for IVDD. In this study, we developed a multifunctional and microenvironment-responsive metal-phenolic network release platform, termed TMP@Alg-PBA/PVA, which could treat (IL-1β)-induced IVDD. The metal-phenolic network (TA-Mn-PVP, TMP) released from this platform targeted mitochondria to efficiently scavenge ROS and reduce ECM degradation. Pyroptosis was suppressed through the inhibition of the IL-17/ERK signaling pathway. These findings demonstrate the versatility of the platform. And in a rat model of IVDD, TMP@Alg-PBA/PVA exhibited excellent therapeutic effects by reducing the progression of the disease. TMP@Alg-PBA/PVA, therefore, presents clinical potential for the treatment of IVDD.

Background: T cell exhaustion in the tumor microenvironment has been demonstrated as a substantial contributor to tumor immunosuppression and progression. However, the correlation between T cell exhaustion and osteosarcoma (OS) remains unclear.Methods: In our present study, single-cell RNA-seq data for OS from the GEO database was analysed to identify CD8+ T cells and discern CD8+ T cell subsets objectively. Subgroup differentiation trajectory was then used to pinpoint genes altered in response to T cell exhaustion. Subsequently, six machine learning algorithms were applied to develop a prognostic model linked with T cell exhaustion. This model was subsequently validated in the TARGETs and Meta cohorts. Finally, we examined disparities in immune cell infiltration, immune checkpoints, immune-related pathways, and the efficacy of immunotherapy between high and low TEX score groups.Results: The findings unveiled differential exhaustion in CD8+ T cells within the OS microenvironment. Three genes related to T cell exhaustion (RAD23A, SAC3D1, PSIP1) were identified and employed to formulate a T cell exhaustion model. This model exhibited robust predictive capabilities for OS prognosis, with patients in the low TEX score group demonstrating a more favorable prognosis, increased immune cell infiltration, and heightened responsiveness to treatment compared to those in the high TEX score group.Conclusion: In summary, our research elucidates the role of T cell exhaustion in the immunotherapy and progression of OS, the prognostic model constructed based on T cell exhaustion-related genes holds promise as a potential method for prognostication in the management and treatment of OS patients.

Objective: To evaluate the long-term clinical efficacy of three different surgical approaches in treating thoracolumbar tuberculosis. Methods: A total of 176 patients with thoracolumbar tuberculosis, treated with open surgery at two hospitals, were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were stratified into three groups based on the surgical approach: anterior-only (AO), posterior-only (PO), and anterior–posterior combined (AP) approaches. Collected data encompassed operative duration, intraoperative blood loss, hospital stay length, complications, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) classification, and radiographic measurements of segmental lordotic Cobb angles, correction angles, and correction rates. Results: The minimum duration of follow-up among all patients was 10 years. Postoperatively, all patients experienced a reduction in ESR and CRP, with normalization occurring within 3 months and sustained normal at the last follow-up. The AP group had a longer operative duration and higher intraoperative blood loss than the other two groups. The Cobb correction rates for AO, PO, and AP were (56.33±6.62)%, (72.82±5.66)%, and (74.45±5.78)%, respectively. The correction loss of Cobb angles for AO, PO, and AP were (2.85±1.01)°, (1.42±0.97)°, and (1.19±0.89)°, respectively. Patients in all groups showed significant improvement in VAS scores and ODI postoperatively, with no notable intergroup differences. The neurological recovery rates for the AO, PO, and AP groups were 84.62, 87.10, and 83.72%, respectively, while the complication rates were 12.73, 16.98, and 22.06%, respectively. Conclusion: An anterior-only approach is recommended for cases with localized lesions and smaller angular deformities. For patients with multisegmental lesions and larger angular deformities, a posterior-only or anterior–posterior combined approach is advised, with a preference for the posterior-only approach.