Background: Aerobic vaginitis is a common cause of vaginal discharge in reproductive-age women, increasing the risk of negative pregnancy outcomes such as premature delivery, abortion, premature rupture of membranes and stillbirth. However, the aetiology and pathogenesis of aerobic vaginitis causing negative pregnancy outcomes are still unclear, and there is no unified and standardized treatment method for aerobic vaginitis in the pregnancy period.Methods: We conducted a literature search of published studies in the English language focusing on aerobic vaginitis and its association with adverse pregnancy outcomes utilizing PubMed and Web of Science from January 1973 through June 2021. The common pathogenic bacteria of aerobic vaginitis during pregnancy, such as group BStreptococcus,Escherichia coli,Staphylococcus aureus,Enterococcus faecalisandKlebsiella pneumoniae, as well as the related adverse pregnancy outcomes and existing treatments were reviewed.Results: A total of 4534 articles were identified, and 97 studies that had inclusion criteria were subjected to careful review. The pathogenic bacteria of aerobic vaginitis can produce different toxins or affect the local immunity of patients and then lead to the occurrence of infection. Fresh wet mount microscopy is the preferred diagnostic method for aerobic vaginitis. Clindamycin is a common antibiotic used for aerobic vaginitis in pregnant women. The use of products combining probiotics has achieved excellent treatment success.Conclusions: Future research in this field can provide insights regarding the mechanism of aerobic vaginitis-induced adverse pregnancy outcomes in humans and ways to prevent their occurrence.

Preeclampsia (PE) is a common obstetric disease characterized by hypertension, proteinuria, and multi-system dysfunction. It endangers both maternal and fetal health. Although hemostasis is critical for preventing bleeding complications during pregnancy, delivery, and post-partum, PE patients often develop a severe prothrombotic state, potentially resulting in life-threatening thrombosis and thromboembolism. The cause of this thrombotic complication is multi-factorial, involving endothelial cells, platelets, adhesive ligands, coagulation, and fibrinolysis. Increasing evidence has shown that hemostatic cells and factors undergo oxidative modifications during the systemic inflammation found in PE patients. However, it is largely unknown how these oxidative modifications of hemostasis contribute to development of the PE-associated prothrombotic state. This knowledge gap has significantly hindered the development of predictive markers, preventive measures, and therapeutic agents to protect women during pregnancy. Here we summarize reports in the literature regarding the effects of oxidative stress and antioxidants on systemic hemostasis, with emphasis on the condition of PE.

Introduction: Preeclampsia (PE) is a gestational hypertensive disease with unclear pathogenesis. This study aimed to identify the genes that play an important role in determining the pathogenesis of PE using bioinformatics analysis and fundamental researches.Materials and methods: Datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were used to screen for differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The NCBI, SangerBox, and other databases were used to analyze the functions of the DEGs. Targetscan7, miRWalk, ENCORI, DIANA TOOLS, CircBank databases, and the Cytoscape tool were used to construct the lncRNA/circRNA-miRNA- LEP network. SRAMP, RPISeq, RBPsuite, and catRPAID were used to analyze the RNA modifications of LEP. Immune cell infiltration was analyzed using the dataset GSE75010. Placental tissues from normal pregnant women and PE patients were collected, screened for gene expression using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blotting. The results were further verified in HTR-8/SVneo cell line hypoxia model and PE mouse model.Results: Our analyses revealed that LEP was significantly upregulated in eight datasets. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) analyses indicated that LEP was involved in the JAK/STAT signaling pathway, angiogenesis, and placental development. Immune cell infiltration analysis showed that M1 and M2 macrophages differed between normal pregnancies and those in PE patients. A competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network was constructed, and proteins interacting with LEP were identified. RNA modification sites of LEP were also identified. Finally, the overexpression of LEP in PE was confirmed in clinical samples, HTR-8/SVneo cell line and PE mouse model.Conclusion: Our results indicate that LEP overexpression is associated with PE and may be a potential diagnostic marker and therapeutic target.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the maternal–neonatal outcomes of twin pregnancies of mothers with preeclampsia and their association with assisted reproductive technology (ART). Methods: A retrospective study on the clinical and maternal–neonatal outcome data of 698 women with twin pregnancies who delivered in our hospital from December 2013 to September 2021 was conducted. Continuous variables were analyzed using a Student’s t-test or Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Categorical variables were analyzed using the Chi-square test. The risk factors of twin pregnancies with preeclampsia were analyzed by logistic regression. Results: The rate of twin pregnancy complicated by preeclampsia was 17.62% (123/698). Logistic regression analysis showed that ART increased the risk of preeclampsia in twin pregnancies (AOR: 1.868, 95% CI: 1.187–2.941). Mothers with preeclampsia carrying twins conceived with ART had a higher rate of delivery at gestational week < 34 (29.9% vs. 12.5%) and asphyxia of the neonate at 5 min after delivery (13.4% vs. 1.8%) than those with preeclampsia conceived without ART (p < 0.05). Conclusions: ART increases the risk of preeclampsia in twin pregnancies and the rate of adverse maternal–neonatal outcomes for twin pregnancies with preeclampsia. The policy of single embryo transfer is a method to reduce the adverse pregnancy outcomes of ART.