Hand-eye calibration enables proper perception of the environment in which a vision guided robot operates. Additionally, it enables the mapping of the scene in the robots frame. Proper hand-eye calibration is crucial when sub-millimetre perceptual accuracy is needed. For example, in robot assisted surgery, a poorly calibrated robot would cause damage to surrounding vital tissues and organs, endangering the life of a patient. A lot of research has gone into ways of accurately calibrating the hand-eye system of a robot with different levels of success, challenges, resource requirements and complexities. As such, academics and industrial practitioners are faced with the challenge of choosing which algorithm meets the implementation requirements based on the identified constraints. This review aims to give a general overview of the strengths and weaknesses of different hand-eye calibration algorithms available to academics and industrial practitioners to make an informed design decision, as well as incite possible areas of research based on the identified challenges. We also discuss different calibration targets, which is an important part of the calibration process that is often overlooked in the design process.

Falls can be devastating to the affected individual, yet a common event and hence one of the major causes of injury or disability within the aged population in Malaysia and worldwide. This paper aims to detect human fall utilizing the built inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensors of a smartphone attached to the subject's body with the signals wirelessly transmitted to remote PC for processing. Matlab's mobile and the Smartphone Sensor Support is used to acquire the data from the smartphone which is then analysed to design an algorithm for the detection of fall. Falls in human are usually characterized by large acceleration. However, focusing only on a large value of the acceleration can result in many false positives from fall-like activities such as sitting down quickly and jumping. Thus, in this work, a threshold based fall detection algorithm is implemented while a supervised machine learning algorithm is used to classify activity daily living (ADL). This combination has been found effective in increasing the accuracy of the fall detection. The aim is to develop and verify the high precision detection algorithm using Matlab Simulink, followed by a few real time testing.

The introduction of Electric Power Assisted Steering (EPAS) system is gradually replacing the conventional steering system in modern cars. The main advantage of EPAS system is the ability to minimise energy consumption. This paper discusses the implementation of GA-PID algorithm to realise the potential of energy reduction as compared to conventional PID method. A brushes DC motor is mounted on the steering column to provide an assist torque to the driver. This configuration is known as C-type EPAS system. The results have shown GA-PID controller is bale to minimize energy consumption as compared to PID controller

Vehicles are the people's main means of transportation and thermal comfort in the vehicle cabin plays an important role. The heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) operation system in the vehicle cabin decides the degree of comfort, traffic safety as well as health of the occupants. The challenge of designing the HVAC control is to automatically achieve the thermal comfort, regardless of time varying weather conditions. Since most HVAC systems are complex with nonlinearity, distributed parameters, and multivariable therefore many classical controls do not necessarily yield a satisfactory control performance. This paper presents the development of temperature and humidity control strategy for HVAC based on Fuzzy Logic Control (FLC). The goal of the FLC-based temperature control is to satisfy the convergence and equilibrium property. The simulation test results have been shown a satisfactory to control the temperature and humidity

In recent year, with the increase usage of wireless application, the demand for a system that could easily connect devices for transfer of data over a long distance - without cables, grew stronger. This paper presents the development of a wireless mobile robot arm. A mobile robot that functional to do pick and place operation and be controlled by using wireless PS2 controller. It can move forward, reverse, turn right and left for a specific distance according to the controller specification. The development of this robot is based on Arduino Mega platform that will be interfaced with the wireless controller to the mobile robotic arm. Analysis such as speed, distance, load that can be lifted of the robot has been done in order to know its performance. Finally, this prototype of the robot is expected to overcome the problem such as placing or picking object that far away from the user, pick and place hazardous object in the fastest and easiest way

When we talk about robots, people tend to think that robots are only suitable to use in the industry or just for the scientist to test about new technologies. However, the main function of robots are to help humans in doing work either in the industries or just helping out doing normal household chores. To bridge the gap of the normal perception of “robots are for the industries only”, internet will be use. This paper presents the development of an internet controlled robotic arm. The movement of the robot arm can be controlled by a computer via the internet. This robot can be used to demonstrate that a robot can be used inside a home for daily human chores. The robot is controlled by Arduino Uno that interfaced with the internet using Arduino Ethernet Shield. Two type of analysis were done for this project that is servo motor analysis and accuracy test. The accuracy test shows that the results of the actual output of the servo motor as compared to the input send to Arduino Uno via internet is between 97% to 99%. This prototype of the robot showed that the operational was successful. This user friendly robot is expected to bridge the gap between robot and household chores.