Since its establishment, the Baltic Dry Index has become one of the foremost indicators on the cost of shipping and an important barometer on the volume of worldwide trade and manufacturing activity.Global factors also play important role in supply and demand of BDI index. BDI and global markets have common economical and financial movement due to market supply and demand which is as a result of turmoil's and crisis. After economic recessions and during economic growth, demand of raw materials increase as production and investments are also increase, as a result transportation volume grows accordingly. On the other hand, during economic slowdowns, demand of raw material decreases which creates utilized capacity. In this paper, MSIAH(3)-VAR(4) model is selected to analyze the relationship between BDI and economic growth for the United States. BDI and GDP are cointegrated for the United States. The crisis regime tends to last 3.13 years on the average, while the Regime 2 is comparatively more persistent with 3.11 years. Finally, Regime 3 which corresponds to the high growth tends to last 2.55 years on the average. Crisis regime of economy is the most persistent regime in the US. Thus, BDI can be used for an indicator of a crisis in GDP growth for the United States

The relationship between information and communication technology investment (ICT), environmental impacts, and economic growth has received increasing attention in the last 20 years. However, the relationship between ICT, energy intensity, environmental impacts, and economic growth was relatively neglected. In this paper, we aimed to contribute to the environmental literature by simultaneously analyzing the relationship between ICT, energy intensity, economic growth, Carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions, and energy consumption for the period of 1990–2020 in G7 countries. We employed the Panel Quantile Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (PQARDL) method and Panel Quantile Granger Causality (PQGC) methods. According to the results of PQARDL method, energy consumption, ICT, CO₂ emission, and energy intensity have effects on economic growth in the long and short run. According to the of PQGC methods allowing causality results for different quantiles, there is evidence of a bidirectional causality between ICT investment and economic growth for all quantiles and evidence of a unidirectional causality from ICT to energy consumption and from CO₂ emissions to ICT investment and energy efficiency. Our results indicate that the governments of the G7 countries have placed energy efficiency and ICT investment at the center of their policies while determining their environmental and energy policies, since energy consumption is a continuous process.

Knowledge of the direction of causality between electricity consumption and economic growth is of primary importance if appropriate energy policies and energy conservation measures are to be devised. This study estimates the causality relationship between electricity consumption and economic growth in per capita and aggregate levels. The study uses the price and income elasticities of total electricity demand and industrial demand by using the auto regressive distributed lag (ARDL) method for some developed and developing countries, including the US, UK, Canada, Japan, China, India, Brazil, Italy, France, Turkey and South Africa. There is evidence to support the growth hypothesis for the US, China, Canada and Brazil. There is evidence to support the conservation hypothesis for India, Turkey, South Africa, Japan, UK, France and Italy.

Since its establishment, the Baltic Dry Index has become one of the foremost indicators on the cost of shipping as well as an important barometer on the volume of worldwide trade and manufacturing activity. In this paper, the MSIH(3)-VAR(3) model is selected to analyse the relationship between BDI, Gold prices and economic growth for the United States. The BDI, gold prices and GDP are cointegrated for the United States. The crisis regime tends to last 1 years on average, while Regime 2 is comparatively more persistent with 6.46 years. Finally, Regime 3 which corresponds to high growth tends to last 1.16 years, on average. The crisis regime of the economy is the most persistent regime in the US. Thus, the BDI and gold prices can be used as an indicator of crisis in GDP growth for the United States