[Context] The goal of security is to protect digital assets, devices, and services from being disrupted, exploited or stolen by unauthorized users. It is also about having reliable information available at the right time. [Motivation] Since the inception in 2009 of the first cryptocurrency, few studies have been undertaken to analyze and review the state-of-the-art research and current developments with respect to the security of cryptocurrencies. [Purpose] We aim to provide both theoretical and empirical insights into the security landscape, in particular focusing on both technical solutions and human-related facets. [Methodology] We used an integrative review which could help in building science and scholarly research, the basis for conceptual and empirical models. [Results] Successful defense against cyberattacks depends on technical measures on the one hand, as well as on self-education and training with the aim to develop competence, knowledge, skills and social abilities, on the other. [Contribution] Our findings provide a comprehensive review for the major achievements and developments of the recent progress on the security of cryptocurrencies. [Future research] Since there is increasing interest in adoption of the current solutions within the central bank digital currencies, the future research should explore the development and inception of effective measures against social engineering attacks, which still remain the main concern.

Digital technologies and economies can strengthen participative processes and data- and knowledge-based sustainable urban development. It can also accelerate social integration and the efforts of urban dwellers towards more resilient urban environments. Gap: Most of the tools that strengthen participatory processes were not cocreated with stakeholders. Research shows that codesigned platforms driven by new technological advances and the development of collaborative sharing economy concepts can increase climate change awareness. Still, the rise of participatory innovation technologies does not focus on enabling social engagement in climate change mitigation. Therefore, this paper addresses a research question: can a codesigned community currency stimulate bottom-up initiatives for climate change mitigation, and what is needed for such tools to succeed with the implementation of climate-responsive policies? The aim was to introduce an approach allowing us to codesign an application to encourage pro-environmental behaviors. Hence, the approach of this research was to define the concept of such a tool as a part of a cocreation process with stakeholders in a multidisciplinary and cross-sectoral environment. Method: It uses design thinking enriched with case studies evaluation, workshops, UX design, low fidelity, SUS, and testbeds. Findings and value: The authors introduce the Greencoin concept and argue that the codesigned digital currency operating based on an educational application has the potential to strengthen social engagement in climate change mitigation. Beneficiaries and practical implementation: Such a tool can increase climate awareness by supporting social integration and bottom-up initiatives for climate change mitigation. It can therefore be used by local communities to strengthen their climate-responsive efforts.

As part of the work in the IDSoC project, an innovative framework, using a specialized integrated circuit and software, has been designed, to perform various cryptographic functions, particularly dedicated for use in electronic identification systems with a high level of confidence. All the activities have been carried out in the Common Criteria (CC) regime with the target EAL4+ level, which had a significant impact on the entire organization of work in the project. It is the authors’ goal that once the project’s outputs are finalized, they will successfully undergo the Common Criteria evaluation and certification. This article describes in detail how software component of the dedicated framework was developed – with a particular attention paid to the aspects resulting from the CC requirements. The standards on which the simulator implementation process was based, as well as the assumptions necessary for its initial development phase, are discussed here. It also describes the entire communication process from the first exchange of messages between the card and the inspection system to the end of the message exchange procedure. The paper consists of five parts, starting with an overview of the Common Criteria requirements relevant to this work. After that, the requirements for the inspection system, which is a necessary element for card-terminal communication, have been specified. The implementation concept of the communication simulator was presented along with the discussion of its modules. The methodology of testing the simulator was also introduced. Finally, plans for further development of the project product are described.