This cross-sectional study examined potential demand-side barriers to women's use of basic health services in rural southern Egypt (Upper Egypt). Face-to-face interviews with a structured questionnaire were carried out on 205 currently-married women, inquiring about their use of health facilities: regular antenatal care (ANC) during the last pregnancy and medical treatment services when they suffered from common illness. Questions about their perceptions of barriers to the use of health services were categorized into three primary dimensions: structural, financial, and personal/cultural barriers. Distance and transportation to health facilities (structural barriers) prevented about 30 % of the women from seeing a doctor. Forty-two percent of them felt the difficulty paying for health services (financial barriers). Approximately a quarter of women answered that gaining family permission, allocating time to go to health facilities, or concern about lack of female physicians (personal/cultural barriers) was a big problem for them. After controlling for potential confounding factors, structural barriers showed an inverse association with the use of health services. Financial barriers indicated a strong association (OR=0.18, P<0.001) with the use of curative services (medical treatment), but not with the use of preventive services (regular ANC). Contrary to our expectation, personal/cultural barriers had no statistical significance with women's use of health services. Although the Egyptian government had successfully extended basic health service delivery networks throughout the country, women in rural Upper Egypt were still facing various barriers to the use of the services, especially structural and financial barriers.

This qualitative study investigated the influence of family support on women's health-seeking behavior in rural southern Egypt (Upper Egypt). We carried out separate focus group discussions (FGDs) with 3 groups (6 women with children under 5 years old, 6 men, and 4 elderly women, respectively) in a village in Assiut Governorate, an underprivileged region in Upper Egypt. The FGDs aimed to identify how different types of family support affected women's health-seeking behavior in areas including maternal health and common illnesses of women and children. Our results showed that maternal health issues were often discussed by husbands and wives, while mothers-in-law had little apparent influence. We also found that women could access support resources more easily than expected through their extended families. Our study showed that husbands had an important role in encouraging women's health in the family, while the effect of mothers-in-law on women's health-seeking behavior was not substantial. The study indicated that women received considerable support from co-resident family members, their natal family, and their neighbors, which helped women in seeking health services.

Background and objective: The faculty members’ perceptions regarding Blackboard as the pedagogical management tool plays a vital role in learning and teaching process. Aim: To survey the perceptions of faculty members towards utilizing Blackboard in the teaching system at Hafr Al-Batin University.Methods: Design: Quantitative descriptive design was utilized depending on online surveys. Setting: The study was conducted in all Colleges of Hafr Al-Batin University. Participants: 174 faculty members from different colleges at the University of Hafr Al-Batin. Tools: Questionnaire consisted of two parts; the first includes the faculty demographic information and the second describes faculty perception in four sections; usefulness, enjoyment, satisfaction, and challenges.Results: The study demonstrated that perceived “usefulness” and “enjoyment” were the most highly mean scores.Conclusions: The faculty members have a positive attitude towards the implementation of the Blackboard system. Recommendations: A great need for training of both faculty members and students in the Blackboard system regularly.

Worldwide, the cervical cancer considered the most frequent gynecological cancer among women. Effective primary and secondary prevention approaches will prevent most cervical cancer cases. Aim of the study: is to assess the level of women’s knowledge and beliefs regarding cervical cancer prevention and to implement and examine the effectiveness of tele-nursing instructions on women based on Health Belief Model (HBM). Methods: A quasi-experimental design was used. This study was conducted at primary health care center and outpatient clinic at Shaqra city, KSA. A convenience sample of 75 women were enrolled in the study. Four tools were used to collect data, 1) structured interviewing questionnaire, 2) structured cervical cancer knowledge questionnaire & 3) HBM Scale Results: There was a statistically significant difference regarding level of knowledge after applying Tele- nursing based on HBM. In addition, there was a statistical difference regarding sub-scale of health belief model and increasing in mean percentage after intervention among study sample. Conclusion: Tele- nursing education through the application of the HBM proved massive changes in improving both the beliefs of the participating women, as well as the level of their knowledge about cervical cancer prevention. Recommendation: Enhancement of tele-nursing instruction use in many nursing practice settings and developing future research prevention programs that cover a large sample would be of a great importance in early detection and management.

Family planning (FP) is critical for the health of women and their families, and it can accelerate a country’s progress toward reducing poverty and achieving development goals. FP is an important component of primary health care, maternal and child health. It is the means of planning families that want space according to choice and time to fit in with life decisions. Aim: This study aimed to assess satisfaction level of women attending Maternal and Child Health (MCH) centers with FP services. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study design was used. A total sample of 569 women was interviewed at four MCH centers covers Assiut city. Results: The findings revealed that the mean age of the respondents was 29.38± 6.13, 72.2 % of them were from urban areas and 47.3 % currently use a contraceptive method. A high satisfaction level with family planning services was noticed. Conclusion: significantly, the majorities of the clients was satisfied with the provided skills and counseling. It was approved that the most of MCH centers have good quality level in health services and facilities. Recommendation: Family planning providers require training to strengthen their communication skills so that they can meet their client’s individual needs.

Glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness worldwide. The study aimed to: assess employees' knowledge regarding glaucoma. Methods: Descriptive research design carried out in Assiut University. It included 1000 employees aged forty year and more. Tools: Data collected by using three tools; tool (1): included demographic characteristics, second tool included assessment of ophthalmic, medical and family history of the employees, while the third tool included assessment of knowledge regarding the glaucoma. The main results of present study were: it was found that more than 21.1% of employees were suffering from different types of eye diseases. (94.5%) of the employees had unsatisfactory knowledge regarding to glaucoma, there was a statistical significant difference between employees' level of knowledge and their education. It concluded that: The employees had unsatisfactory knowledge about glaucoma. It was recommended that: health education programs should be implemented for employees with chronic disease every year