Goat milk butter, locally known as “Dhan”, from the Sfisfa region of Algeria, holds significant cultural and economic value. This study investigates the probiotic properties of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) present in Dhan, focusing particularly on Lactobacillus strains. Molecular identification using 16S rRNA revealed a dominance of Levilactobacillus brevis and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, forming a substantial part of the bacterial profile. Three LAB isolates (DC01-A, DC04, and DC06) were selected from fresh samples, and rigorous analyses were performed to evaluate their probiotic properties. Safety assessments confirmed the absence of gelatinase, DNase, and haemolytic activities in all isolates. The isolates demonstrated high tolerance to bile salts and acidic conditions, along with the ability to survive simulated gastrointestinal digestion. Notably, strain DC06 exhibited exceptional survival at low pH (1.5) and high bile salt concentrations (0.15–0.3%). All isolates showed substantial growth in MRS medium with 2% phenol, although growth was significantly decreased at 5% phenol. Furthermore, our strains exhibited high adhesion rates to various solvents, demonstrating their potential for strong interaction with cell membranes. Specifically, adhesion to chloroform was observed at 98.26% for DC01-A, 99.30% for DC04, and 99.20% for DC06. With xylene, the adhesion rates were 75.94% for DC01-A, 61.13% for DC04, and 76.52% for DC06. The LAB strains demonstrated impressive growth in ethanol concentrations up to 12%, but their tolerance did not exceed this concentration. They also exhibited robust growth across temperatures from 10 °C to 37 °C, with strains DC04 and DC06 able to proliferate at 45 °C, though none survived at 50 °C. Additionally, the isolates showed significant resistance to oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and displayed medium to high autolytic activity, with rates of 50.86%, 37.53%, and 33.42% for DC01-A, DC04, and DC06, respectively. The cell-free supernatant derived from strain DC04 exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against the tested pathogens, while strain DC06 demonstrated moderate antioxidant activity with the highest DPPH scavenging rate at 68.56%, compared to the probiotic reference strain LGG at 61.28%. These collective findings not only suggest the probiotic viability of LAB strains found in Dhan but also highlight the importance of traditional food practises in contributing to health and nutrition. Consequently, this study supports the potential of traditional Dhan butter as a functional food and encourages further exploration of its health benefits.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is promptly changing the nature of food production and processing to increase safety, efficiency, quality assurance, and sustainability throughout the farm‐to‐fork chain. This review discusses the recent developments in AI in the food manufacturing industry, such as machine learning (ML), deep learning (Dl), computer vision (CV), hyperspectral imaging (HSI), robotics, Internet‐of‐Things (IoT) integration, and natural language processing. These technologies allow detecting contamination and fraud in real‐time, near‐perfect predictive maintenance less 30% unplanned downtime, automated quality checks with up to 96%–100% accuracy, AI‐enabled predictive maintenance (PdM) has demonstrated its effectiveness by decreasing unplanned downtime in industrial case studies through a reduction rate that reaches 30% of total downtime, resource‐efficient smart factories, and creative AI‐driven formulation of products. New paradigms include digital twins, explainable AI, computational gastronomy, and cultured meat production, highlighting the transformative power of AI. Some of the solutions include standardized datasets, lightweight architectures, federated learning, and scalable deployment training programs. When used responsibly, AI can help create food systems that meet regulatory requirements while achieving sustainable development goals and circular economy standards, and all three Sustainable Development Goals, like Zero Hunger (SDG 2), Responsible Consumption and Production (SDG 12), and Climate Action (SDG 13).

The purpose of this work was to investigate the combination of early-age acclimation and linseed dietary inclusion in enriching polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in broilers’ meat as a strategy to mitigate heat stress. A total of 400 broiler chicks were assigned to four experimental groups with four duplicates (25 animals each): C: control (basal diet), AC: early-age acclimated (basal diet), Cl: fed 5% ground linseed, and Acl: early-age acclimated and fed 5% ground linseed. The lipid and fatty acid contents of different parts (breast, thigh, liver, subcutaneous, and abdominal fat) of broilers were determined. Low levels of lipids and unsaturated fatty acids have been found in the meat of acclimated broilers. Higher levels of linolenic acids were noted in Cl thigh meat compared to C (6% vs. 2.68%, respectively). The results showed that oleic and linoleic acids constitute a large part of the PUFAs of different meats. The most elevated levels of monounsaturated fatty acids were recorded in the breast meat of AcL animals. The highest content of omega-3 was recorded in the liver of AcL animals compared to that of C (14.98% vs. 7.8%, respectively). We suggest that the combination of treatments during hot conditions has led to the reversion of the environment-affected variables to accepted values, and yields better thermoresistance, PUFA-enriched meat, and safeguard animal health which conferred to birds’ better solutions to reduce fatigue and hypoxic activities, which induces a considerable consumption of oxygen.

This study evaluates the chemical composition, fatty acid profiles, and bioactive properties of ethanolic (SPE), methanolic (SPM), and acetonic (SPA) extracts of Arthrospira platensis. The chemical analysis revealed a high protein content (72.08%), moderate lipid levels (6.49%), and a diverse fatty acid profile, dominated by polyunsaturated fatty acids. Antibacterial testing showed that SPE exhibited the strongest activity against Gram-negative bacteria, including Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Enterobacter cloacae (ATCC 49141), Proteus mirabilis (ATCC 25933), Salmonella typhi (ATCC 6539), Salmonella typhimurium (ATCC 14028), Salmonella enteritidis (ATCC 13076), Salmonella gallinarum (ATCC 9184), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853). The anticoccidial activity was also significant, with SPE reducing Eimeria sp. oocyst counts in poultry intestines and ceca. Antioxidant activity was highest in SPM, which also had the highest phenolic content. LC-MS/MS profiling of the methanolic extract revealed various bioactive compounds, including phenolic acids, flavonoids, carotenoids, chlorophylls, and phycobiliproteins. These results suggest that A. platensis has great potential as a nutraceutical supplement in poultry farming, offering a sustainable alternative to synthetic additives.

Research on plants like Thymelaea hirsuta (L.) Endl. is increasingly crucial for identifying alternative therapies for chronic diseases. This study investigated the n-butanol leaf fraction (NBF) of T. hirsuta for its antioxidant, anti-diabetic, and anti-inflammatory properties through in vitro experiments, including 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH^•), 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS^•+), Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP), Ferrous Ion Chelating (FIC), α-amylase inhibition, and anti-inflammatory assays. In silico study was also conducted against α-amylase and trypsin enzymes. Eighteen (18) compounds, including various phenolic acids and flavonoids, were identified by HPLC-PDA-MS/MS. The NBF demonstrated potent antioxidant activity, exhibiting 99.60% inhibition against ABTS^•+, 92.85% against DPPH^•, and 88.05% for FIC. It also showed significant α-amylase inhibition (85.40% at 5 mg/mL; IC₅₀: 0.37 ± 0.08 mg/mL). Furthermore, the NBF displayed notable anti-inflammatory activities, with 95.37% inhibition of protein denaturation (IC₅₀: 1.83 ± 0.06 mg/mL), 79.14% inhibition of heat-induced haemolysis (IC₅₀: 0.026 mg/mL), and 77.72% inhibition of proteinase (IC₅₀: 0.81 ± 0.95 mg/mL). In silico molecular docking studies against α-amylase and trypsin enzymes revealed feruloyl apigenin as a promising dual inhibitor. This novel compound exhibited a binding affinity comparable to acarbose and diclofenac sodium. These findings highlight the NBF of T. hirsuta as a potential source of bioactive compounds for future anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic pharmaceutical development.