To evaluate the relationship between age, sex, and multimorbidity with hospital length of stay among elderly inpatients. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 507 medical records of patients aged ≥60 years admitted to the Senior Officer Department, 103 Military Hospital, between December 2022 and October 2024. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26.0. One-way and two-way ANOVA were performed to examine the effects of age, sex, and comorbidity burden on hospital stay. Male patients had longer hospital stays (10.68 ± 6.24 vs. 9.40 ± 4.95 days) and a higher mean number of comorbidities (3.57 ± 1.70 vs. 3.26 ± 1.69; both p < 0.05) compared with females. Hospital stay increased with advancing age, from 9.27 ± 5.78 days in the 60–69 age group to 11.07 ± 5.54 days in the 80–89 age group (p < 0.001). Similarly, the number of comorbidities rose with age, from 2.84 ± 1.48 to 4.24 ± 1.93 (p < 0.001). Two-way ANOVA confirmed significant effects of both age (p < 0.001) and sex (p = 0.033) on comorbidity burden, whereas the interaction effect was not significant (p = 0.091). For hospital stay, comorbidity burden was the main determinant (p < 0.001), with no significant sex effect (p = 0.09). Patients with ≥6 comorbidities had markedly prolonged hospital stays, irrespective of sex. Age and multimorbidity are the principal determinants of hospital stay duration in elderly patients. While males showed a higher comorbidity burden, the effect of sex on hospital stay was largely explained by multimorbidity. These findings underscore the importance of comprehensive comorbidity management to reduce hospital stay and optimize care for older adults.

Background: Personal protective equipment (PPE), an essential shield to protect healthcare workers (HCWs) during the COVID-19 pandemic, has been reported to affect their heart rate variability (HRV). Objective: To investigate the changes of very short-term heart rate variability in HCWs after three hours of wearing PPE to treat COVID-19 patients at different working times and intensities, and related factors. Methods: Sixty-five healthy HCWs were enrolled at the Number 2 Infectious Field Hospital (formed by Military Hospital 103), Vietnam. Two-minute 12-lead electrocardiograms were recorded before wearing and after removing PPE. Results: After three hours of wearing PPE, the mean heart rate of HCWs increased (p = 0.048) meanwhile, the oxygen saturation decreased significantly (p = 0.035). Standard deviation of all normal to normal intervals (SDNN), mean intervals RR (mean NN), and root mean square successive difference (rMSSD) after wearing PPE was also reduced significantly. SDNN, Mean NN, and rMSSD decreased as the working intensity increased (as in mild, moderate, and severe patient departments). In univariate regression analysis, logSDNN, logmean NN and logrMSSD were positively correlated with SpO2 and QT interval (r = 0.14, r = 0.31, r = 0.25; r = 0.39, r = 0.77, r = 0.73, respectively) and were negatively correlated with ambient temperature inside PPE (r = − 0.41, r = − 0.405, r = − 0.25, respectively) while logmean NN and log rMSSD were negatively correlated with diastolic blood pressure (r = − 0.43, r = − 0.39, respectively). In multivariable regression analysis, logSDNN and logmean NN were negatively correlated to ambient temperature inside PPE (r = − 0.34, r = − 0.18, respectively). Conclusion: Time-domain heart rate variability decreased after wearing PPE. Time-domain HRV parameters were related to ambient temperature inside PPE, diastolic blood pressure, QT interval, and SpO2.

Existing state-of-the-art 3D instance segmentation methods perform semantic segmentation followed by grouping. The hard predictions are made when performing semantic segmentation such that each point is associated with a single class. However, the errors stemming from hard decision propagate into grouping that results in (1) low overlaps between the predicted instance with the ground truth and (2) substantial false positives. To address the aforementioned problems, this paper proposes a 3D instance segmentation method referred to as SoftGroup by performing bottom-up soft grouping followed by top-down refinement. SoftGroup allows each point to be associated with multiple classes to mitigate the problems stemming from semantic prediction errors and suppresses false positive instances by learning to categorize them as background. Experimental results on different datasets and multiple evaluation metrics demonstrate the efficacy of SoftGroup. Its performance surpasses the strongest prior method by a significant margin of +6.2% on the ScanNet v2 hidden test set and +6.8% on S3DIS Area 5 in terms of AP_50. SoftGroup is also fast, running at 345ms per scan with a single Titan X on ScanNet v2 dataset. The source code and trained models for both datasets are available at \url{https://github.com/thangvubk/SoftGroup.git}.

This study was motivated by the limited high‐altitude physiology data available for Asian military aviators, especially in Vietnam. To characterize acute heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), and oxygen saturation (SpO ₂ ) responses in healthy Vietnamese pilots during simulated 5000 m hypobaric exposure. Seventy‐five healthy male military pilots underwent 30‐min exposure in a hypobaric chamber simulating 5000 m altitude. HR, systolic/diastolic BP (SBP/DBP), and SpO ₂ were recorded at baseline (0 m), peak altitude, and post‐exposure. HR increased from 80.0 ± 9.0 to 91.9 ± 11.0 bpm, SBP/DBP rose by 10.4/6.5 mmHg, and SpO ₂ decreased from 98.4 ± 1.0% to 77.7 ± 6.0% (all p < 0.001). All changes were transient, returning to baseline within 5 min after exposure, and no adverse events occurred. Higher baseline HR and older age predicted smaller HR increases. Acute 5000 m hypobaric hypoxia caused transient tachycardia, hypertension, and hypoxemia. Response variability correlated with baseline hemodynamic status and age. This safe, reproducible model can serve as a noninvasive cardiovascular stress test in clinical and aerospace medicine.

Background: Insulin sensitivity impairment and beta-cell function defects are involved in type 2 diabetes and other metabolic diseases. Objective: This study aimed to estimate the range of insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function among healthy Vietnamese adults. Methods: The data were collected from 51 healthy adults (17 men, 34 women; mean age 26.7 ± 4.7 years). All participants were free from diabetes, other major diseases, and associated risk factors. All participants had a normal fasting plasma glucose level, BMI, serum insulin and lipid levels, oral glucose tolerance test results, waist circumference, and family history. Beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity were calculated using the HOMA2 Calculator version 2.2. Results: The beta-cell function, insulin sensitivity, and insulin resistance indices were 90.1 ± 21.7, 178.4 ± 58.9, and 0.63 ± 0.20, respectively, for both plasma glucose and insulin concentrations and 237.6 ± 44.8, 41.3 ± 8.7, and 2.53 ± 0.53, respectively, for both plasma glucose and C-peptide concentrations. Beta-cell function was lower in men than in women (p < 0.05). Beta cell function showed a significant inverse correlation with insulin sensitivity. The total/HDL cholesterol ratio was significantly inversely correlated with insulin sensitivity and significantly directly correlated with insulin resistance. However, no significant correlations were found between beta cell function; insulin sensitivity; the insulin resistance index; or total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) among healthy Vietnamese adults. Conclusions: In healthy Vietnamese adults, insulin sensitivity was strongly correlated with beta cell function and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. This study provides important insights into the normal range of insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function among healthy Vietnamese adults.

Mục tiêu: Nghiên cứu chỉ số tình trạng dịch ở bệnh nhân suy tim độ II, III, IV theo NYHA. Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: 105 bệnh nhân suy tim mạn tính theo NYHA II - IV được tiến hành đo các chỉ số về tình trạng dịch, dinh dưỡng bằng BCM (Body Composition Monitor). Nghiên cứu: Mô tả, cắt ngang. Kết quả: Bệnh nhân suy tim là nam giới có tuổi trung bình thấp hơn so với nữ giới (68,71 ± 12,86 tuổi so với 75,19 ± 12,45 tuổi, p < 0,05); có chỉ số BMI trung bình cao hơn nhóm thiếu cân và nhóm thừa cân (47,63% so với 22,86% và 29,52%, p < 0,01); suy tim theo NYHA độ III cao hơn so với bệnh nhân suy tim độ II và độ IV (44,76% so với 29,52% và 25,71%, p < 0,05). Bệnh nhân suy tim có thừa dịch cao hơn số bệnh nhân suy tim thiếu dịch và đẳng dịch (63,81% so với 5,71% và 30,48%, p < 0,001). Bệnh nhân có lượng dịch nội bào/trọng lượng cơ thể ở mức cao có tỷ lệ thấp hơn bệnh nhân có lượng dịch nội bào/trọng lượng cơ thể ở mức thấp (17,14% so với 82,86 %, p < 0,001). Kết luận: Bệnh nhân suy tim có biểu hiện thừa dịch bao gồm tổng lượng dịch, dịch ngoại bào, dịch nội bào, khối lượng dịch dư thừa; lượng dịch dư thừa tăng dần theo mức độ nặng của suy tim.