Two-dimensional black phosphorus (2D BP), well known as phosphorene, has triggered tremendous attention since the first discovery in 2014. The unique puckered monolayer structure endows 2D BP intriguing properties, which facilitate its potential applications in various fields, such as catalyst, energy storage, sensor, etc. Owing to the large surface area, good electric conductivity, and high theoretical specific capacity, 2D BP has been widely studied as electrode materials and significantly enhanced the performance of energy storage devices. With the rapid development of energy storage devices based on 2D BP, a timely review on this topic is in demand to further extend the application of 2D BP in energy storage. In this review, recent advances in experimental and theoretical development of 2D BP are presented along with its structures, properties, and synthetic methods. Particularly, their emerging applications in electrochemical energy storage, including Li⁻/K⁻/Mg⁻/Na-ion, Li–S batteries, and supercapacitors, are systematically summarized with milestones as well as the challenges. Benefited from the fast-growing dynamic investigation of 2D BP, some possible improvements and constructive perspectives are provided to guide the design of 2D BP-based energy storage devices with high performance.

Radiomic model reliability is a central premise for its clinical translation. Presently, it is assessed using test–retest or external data, which, unfortunately, is often scarce in reality. Therefore, we aimed to develop a novel image perturbation-based method (IPBM) for the first of its kind toward building a reliable radiomic model. We first developed a radiomic prognostic model for head-and-neck cancer patients on a training (70%) and evaluated on a testing (30%) cohort using C-index. Subsequently, we applied the IPBM to CT images of both cohorts (Perturbed-Train and Perturbed-Test cohort) to generate 60 additional samples for both cohorts. Model reliability was assessed using intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) to quantify consistency of the C-index among the 60 samples in the Perturbed-Train and Perturbed-Test cohorts. Besides, we re-trained the radiomic model using reliable RFs exclusively (ICC > 0.75) to validate the IPBM. Results showed moderate model reliability in Perturbed-Train (ICC: 0.565, 95%CI 0.518–0.615) and Perturbed-Test (ICC: 0.596, 95%CI 0.527–0.670) cohorts. An enhanced reliability of the re-trained model was observed in Perturbed-Train (ICC: 0.782, 95%CI 0.759–0.815) and Perturbed-Test (ICC: 0.825, 95%CI 0.782–0.867) cohorts, indicating validity of the IPBM. To conclude, we demonstrated capability of the IPBM toward building reliable radiomic models, providing community with a novel model reliability assessment strategy prior to prospective evaluation.

In this work, amorphous Fe-Co-P films prepared by electrodeposition are found to exhibit dense microstructures with amorphous grains. Through a pulse electrodeposition synthesis route, complex microstructures containing nano-sized grains are obtained in the amorphous alloy films. The nanostructured Fe-Co-P amorphous alloys show superior soft magnetic and magnetocaloric properties as compared with those of other iron-based soft magnetic amorphous alloys reported to date. The coercive field of samples can be as small as 1.6 Oe at room temperature. The magnetocaloric effect (MCE) of the ternary amorphous alloys has been investigated by evaluating the magnetic entropy changes, | ΔS _M |, from their temperature-dependent magnetization behaviors. The |ΔS _M | values are as high as 1.846 J kg ⁻¹ K ⁻¹ with an applied magnetic field of 10 kOe. With a temperature span of 90 K, the refrigerant capacity of samples can be as high as 118.64 J kg ⁻¹ . The nanostructure enabled giant MCE in Fe-Co-P amorphous alloys is discussed.

The glass–glass interfaces (GGIs) are in a unique glass phase, while current knowledge on the interfacial phase has not completely established to explain the unprecedented improvements in the ductility of metallic nanoglasses (NGs). In this work, Co–P NGs prepared through the pulse electrodeposition are investigated, whose GGI regions clearly show elemental segregation with chemical composition dominated by element Co. Such compositional heterogeneity is further verified by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation on the formation of GGIs in Co-P NGs and atomic structures of GGIs with Co segregation are found to be less dense than those of glassy grains. More importantly, Co segregation at GGIs is closely related to the improved ductility observed in Co-P NGs, as demonstrated by nanoindentation measurements and MD simulations. This work facilitates the understanding on the relations between compositional heterogeneity and improved ductility as observed in Co-P NGs, and thus opens a new window for controlling the mechanical properties of NGs through GGI engineering.

The mechanical properties of metallic nanoglasses (NGs) strongly depend on the average size of glassy grains (D_avg). Nevertheless, current knowledge on the effects of sizes of glassy grains is incomplete for the mechanical properties of NGs. Herein, Zr_xCu_100-x (25 ≤ x ≤ 75) nanoglasses containing glassy grains with different chemical compositions, i.e., the heterogeneous NGs (HNGs), are investigated by molecular dynamics simulation, and the relation between ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and D_avg is determined. Specifically, the UTS decreases with decreasing D_avg in Zr-Cu HNGs when D_avg < 10 nm, mainly resulting from the increased volume fraction of glass-glass interfaces, while UTS would follow the Hall–Petch like relation for Zr-Cu HNGs when D_avg > 10 nm, which is closely related to glassy grains with compositions dominated by Zr atoms. This study provides a deep insight into the mechanical property dependence on grain size in the HNGs, which could be a novel strategy in resolving the issue of strength-ductility tradeoff in NGs.