Tumor progression and therapy resistance are formed not only by cancer cell intrinsic mechanisms but also by dynamic interactions with the surrounding tumor stroma. Metabolic regulation is central to these interactions, with lipid pathways emerging as critical determinants of cell fate. A growing concept is the phosphatidylcholine ferroptosis axis, which functions as a metabolic checkpoint linking membrane remodeling, oxidative stress, and tumor stroma communication. Phosphatidylcholine, the most abundant phospholipid in mammalian membranes, is primarily synthesized through the Kennedy pathway under the control of choline kinase alpha. Enhanced phosphatidylcholine synthesis alters membrane architecture and generates substrates for lipid remodeling. These changes regulate susceptibility to ferroptosis, a regulated form of cell death driven by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation. Remodeling by enzymes such as lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferases and phospholipase A2 influences polyunsaturated fatty acid incorporation into membranes, thereby determining the pool of lipids prone to oxidative damage. Phosphatidylcholine metabolism extends beyond cancer cells to the tumor microenvironment. Cancer-associated fibroblasts can supply phosphatidylcholine derived from metabolites that buffer tumor cells against ferroptosis, while altered phosphatidylcholine dynamics modulate macrophage and T cell activity, influencing immune surveillance and inflammatory tone. Through these mechanisms, the phosphatidylcholine–ferroptosis axis integrates metabolic control of cell death with stromal regulation of tumor growth and resistance. Therapeutically, targeting phosphatidylcholine synthesis and remodeling combined with ferroptosis inducers or glutathione peroxidase 4 inhibitors could sensitize tumors to oxidative cell death while reprogramming stromal elements toward anti-tumor activity. This places the phosphatidylcholine ferroptosis axis as a promising target for combination therapies designed to disrupt tumor stroma crosstalk and improve clinical outcomes.

This study aimed to investigate the antioxidant potential and bioactive compounds of Pandanus odorifer flower. The phytochemical investigation includes both qualitative and quantitative experiments. In vitro antioxidant studies were conducted using DPPH, ABTS and hydroxyl methods. The bioactive compounds present in the ethanol extract were identified using GC-MS analysis. The MTT assay was carried out on HT-29 colon cancer cells to investigate the cytotoxic ability of the ethanolic extract. The qualitative phytochemical analysis demonstrated the presence of flavonoids, phenolic compounds, tannins, saponins, steroids, carboxylic acids and cardiac glycosides. The determination of flavonoid showed 400 ± 0.110 mg/g and 250±0.090 mg/g of quercetin equivalent in ethanol and water extracts. Similarly, the determination of phenol exhibited 108±0.210 mg/g and 87±0.173 mg/g gallic acid equivalent in ethanol and water extracts. The total antioxidant capacity revealed 1.6 ± 0.093 mg/g and 1.3± 0.056 mg/g equivalent of ascorbic acid in ethanol and water extracts. The DPPH assay showed IC50 values of 35.06 µg/mL in ethanol and 44.82 µg/mL in water extract. Likewise, the ABTS assay revealed an IC50 value of 42.20 µg/mL and 47.45 µg/mL in ethanol and water extract. The hydroxyl radical assay showed IC50 value of 23.95 µg/mL in ethanol and 36.56 µg/mL in water extract. 22 bioactive compounds were identified using GC-MS analysis based on their similarity index. The ethanolic extract showed greater cytotoxic activity with the IC50 value of 28.08 µg/mL on HT-29 colon cancer cells. This study concludes that the Pandanus odorifer flower extracts exhibited significant antioxidant and cytotoxic property.

Oxidative stress plays a part in the progression of cancer and various types of diseases by damaging the DNA. Generally, plants have high antioxidant potency so that they can reduce oxidative stress. Plants are found to be effective in treating various types of cancers because of their antioxidant property. Commelina forskaolii was used in the primitive ages to treat various diseases. This study evaluated the antioxidant and cytotoxic potential of the novel medicinal plant C. forskaolii followed by qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis. DPPH, ABTS and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity were used to determine the antioxidant potential. The HepG2 cell line was used to study anticancer activity because it is a widely used cell line to study hepatotoxicity and hepatocellular carcinoma. The plant showed favourable antioxidant activity by scavenging various radicals such as DPPH, ABTS and hydroxyl radicals due to the presence of phytochemicals such as alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, tannins and terpenoids. Compared to the other plant extracts, the aqueous extract was found to be more potent in scavenging free radicals. The plant showed cytotoxicity against the HepG2 cell lines. The medicinal plant C. forskaolii contains a variety of phytochemicals and has high antioxidant potential. The plant has a capacity to inhibit the growth of liver cancer cells.

Lactic acid is used in various industrial processes, including the production of emulsifiers, polymers, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. Fermentation of renewable biomass from natural sources has several advantages over costly chemical methods. Thermal and acidic pretreatments were used to improve the availability of sugars in the medium. Bacillus coagulans was isolated from the banana pseudostem; it was cultured with cattle manure-banana pseudostem for the improved production of lactic acid. Lactic acid production was high in the culture medium containing a 1:1 ratio of cow manure and banana pseudostem after 72 h of fermentation. After 24 h, lactic acid production was 19.4 ± 1.2 g/kg substrate, and it increased after 48 h (20.5 ± 0.1 g/kg substrate), and 72 h (26.3 ± 0.1 g/kg substrate). Lactic acid synthesized by B. coagulans was purified and used for the synthesis of polylactic acid. Polylactic acid was used for the fabrication of composite materials with cellulose and silver nanoparticles. The scanning electron microscopy image showed a smooth surface with uniform particle sizes. The fabricated nanoparticles showed antibacterial activity against food spoilage bacteria. The film was used to pack goat meat and chicken meat. The fabricated film reduced the bacterial load in the stored meat and improved food quality.

The aim of the study was to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from Alpinia purpurata leaves and evaluate their cytotoxic, antimicrobial, antibiofilm, dye degradation, and larvicidal potentials. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, which confirmed AgNPs synthesis and revealed nanoparticle size (10 to 30 nm) and the presence of silver. Cytotoxicity tests showed IC50 values of 4.59 ± 0.6 µg/mL in A549 cells and 3.48 ± 0.4 µg/mL in PA1 cells, inducing apoptosis and DNA fragmentation. Flow cytometry revealed cell cycle arrest at G0-G1 phase. AgNPs exhibited significant antimicrobial activity, with maximum inhibition zones against K. pneumoniae (23 ± 2 mm) and F. oxysporum (17 ± 2 mm), and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 12.5 ± 0.25 to 75 ± 2.5 µg/mL. They also reduced bacterial and fungal biomass and showed antibiofilm effects. Photocatalytic activity degraded methylene blue dye by 88.4 ± 1.4% in 60 minutes. Larvicidal activity resulted in 100% mortality of A. aegypti larvae after 48 hours exposure to AgNPs (10 mg/L), additionally reducing chemical oxygen demand (55.1 ± 2.1% to 63.8 ± 1.5%) and microbial load in wastewater (2.5 to 10 ppm).