Aims: In stage II colon cancer, the aim is to evaluate the impact of tumor location and other clinicopathological factors on prognosis and survival. Methods: The study included a total of 93 patients diagnosed with stage II colon cancer between January 2018 and December 2022, comprising 41 females and 52 males. Clinicopathological factors related to the patients were retrospectively investigated. Factors found to be significant in univariate analysis were further evaluated through multivariate analysis to identify independent factors. Results: As a result of univariate analysis, variables such as tumor location (right-left colon), perineural invasion, surgical margin, intestinal obstruction, and lymph node dissection were found to be statistically significant for the risk of death (p

Background: Vandetanib and cabozantinib are the approved first-line antiangiogenic multikinase inhibitors (aaMKIs) for metastatic medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC); however, real-world data on their comparative efficacy, optimal sequencing, and outcomes beyond the first-line setting remain limited. We report multicenter real-world outcomes from a large Turkish cohort. Methods: In this retrospective multicenter cohort study, we analyzed data from 24 oncology referral centers across Türkiye. Patients with histologically confirmed metastatic MTC who received systemic therapy between December 2011 and December 2024 were included. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS), assessed separately for first-line (PFS1) and second-line (PFS2) therapy. Overall survival (OS) and prognostic factors were evaluated using Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional hazards analyses. Results: A total of 115 patients were included (median age 47.4 years; 63.5% male). In the first-line setting, vandetanib (47.8%) and cabozantinib (30.4%) were the most frequently used agents. Median PFS1 was 40.8 months with vandetanib and was not reached with cabozantinib; both were significantly superior to chemotherapy (median PFS1 4.9 months; log-rank p < 0.001). In the second-line setting, median PFS2 was not reached with cabozantinib and was 32.5 months with vandetanib. Sequential use of cabozantinib and vandetanib across the first two lines was associated with a median time to second progression of 114 months, compared with 39 months in patients receiving any other TKI combination (p = 0.003). Second-line use of cabozantinib or vandetanib was independently associated with improved OS (HR 0.40, 95% CI 0.16–0.98; p = 0.046). On multivariate analysis, younger age (HR 0.16, 95% CI 0.03–0.72; p = 0.017) and bone metastasis (HR 0.29, 95% CI 0.11–0.73; p = 0.009) were independent prognostic factors for OS. Conclusions: In this real-world cohort of patients with metastatic MTC, cabozantinib and vandetanib demonstrated durable efficacy across treatment lines, substantially outperforming alternative TKIs and chemotherapy. Sequential use of both approved aaMKIs was associated with prolonged disease control. These findings suggest a potential association between access to both agents and improved outcomes. They are consistent with their central role in treatment sequencing, particularly in settings with limited access to selective RET inhibitors. Given the retrospective design and small subgroup sizes, these results should be interpreted as exploratory and hypothesis-generating.

Background/objectives Patients with metastatic prostate cancer (mPC) represent a population with a higher proportion of elderly patients compared to other patient groups. Androgen receptor pathway inhibitors (ARPISs) are frequently used in current treatment regimens. Although the Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI) is widely utilized, its stand alone capacity to accurately predict overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) remains limited. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of PNI in mPC patients treated with ARPIs and to optimize survival predictions by developing integrated multivariable logistic and Cox regression models. Methods PNI was calculated at baseline and third month after treatment initiation. To assess cross-sectional predictive capability, multivariable logistic regression models were developed for OS and PFS events, and their diagnostic performance was evaluated using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Subsequently, time-to-event dynamics and hazard ratios were analyzed using univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression. Results The multivariable logit model demonstrated robust predictive performance for survival outcomes. Utilizing the model-derived optimal probability cutoff of 0.343, patients were successfully stratified into distinct prognostic cohorts. The high-probability risk group (≥ 0.343, n = 86) exhibited a significantly worse prognosis, with accelerated curve decline and earlier, more frequent mortality. In contrast, the low-probability group (< 0.343, n = 51) showed a favorable prognosis, maintaining an approximate 30% survival rate up to the 75th month (Log-rank p = 0.009). Conclusion Evaluating nutrition alone is not enough to predict how mPC patients will progress. By tracking PNI changes over time and combining them into multivariable logistic model, we can much better predict overall survival and progression-free survival. In practice, using our model's 0.343 cutoff score allows us to easily catch high-risk patients early on, helping physician step in with personalized nutritional and medical support.

Background/Objectives: Sunitinib and pazopanib are administered at fixed doses in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC), without adjustment for body composition. This study aimed to investigate the association between body mass index (BMI) and treatment-related toxicity and treatment discontinuation in patients with mRCC receiving first-line sunitinib or pazopanib. Methods: A total of 136 patients with mRCC treated with sunitinib (n = 90) or pazopanib (n = 46) were retrospectively evaluated. BMI was compared according to toxicity grade (1–2 and 3–4) and treatment discontinuation using Student’s t-tests and chi-square/Fisher’s exact tests. Given the limited number of grade 3–4 toxicity events, Firth’s penalized logistic regression was used for multivariable analysis, with adjustment for age, sex, and treatment type. BMI was evaluated as a continuous variable in the primary model and categorically in a supportive analysis. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Higher BMI was significantly associated with grade 1–2 (p < 0.001) and grade 3–4 toxicity (p < 0.001). In the Firth penalized multivariable analysis, higher BMI remained independently associated with grade 3–4 toxicity (OR per 1 kg/m² increase, 1.160; 95% CI, 1.057–1.283; p = 0.0015). Increasing age (OR per 1-year increase, 1.061; 95% CI, 1.021–1.106; p = 0.0022) and sunitinib treatment (OR, 2.629; 95% CI, 1.104–6.785; p = 0.028) were also independently associated with grade 3–4 toxicity. In the supportive categorical analysis, obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m²) was associated with higher odds of grade 3–4 toxicity compared with BMI < 25 kg/m² (OR, 4.173; 95% CI, 1.533–11.982; p = 0.005). Conclusions: A higher BMI was associated with a greater likelihood of grade 3–4 TKI-related toxicity in patients with mRCC receiving fixed-dose sunitinib or pazopanib. BMI may represent a practical clinical marker for identifying patients who warrant closer toxicity monitoring.